ArticlePloS one2013
Neural effects of positive and negative incentives during marijuana withdrawal.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does losing money truly hurt? The shared neural bases of monetary loss and pain.Human brain mapping · 2022Pooled it
- A voxel-wise meta-analysis of task-based functional MRI studies on impaired gain and loss processing in adults with addiction.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2021Pooled it
- Brain activations associated with anticipation and delivery of monetary reward: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Basal ganglia lateralization in different types of reward.Brain imaging and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- The anticipation and outcome phases of reward and loss processing: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of the monetary incentive delay task.Human brain mapping · 2018Pooled it
- Nonacute effects of cannabis use on motivation and reward sensitivity in humans: A systematic review.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2018Pooled it
- Neuroimaging meta-analysis of cannabis use studies reveals convergent functional alterations in brain regions supporting cognitive control and reward processing.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Pretreatment measures of brain structure and reward-processing brain function in cannabis dependence: an exploratory study of relationships with abstinence during behavioral treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
- Cannabis use, affect and emotion regulation in daily life: A 3-week experience sampling method study in people who smoke cannabis almost daily.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Incentive valence differentially engages open- and closed-loop basal ganglia circuits during movement initiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Brain reward function in people with moderate-to-severe cannabis use disorder who tried to cut down or quit: an fMRI study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Central Executive Network drives delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced nonlinear changes in large-scale functional connectivity in adolescent nonhuman primates.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Latent profiles of substance use, early life stress, and attention/externalizing problems and their association with neural correlates of reinforcement learning in adolescents.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Neural substrates on the judgment of sequential benefits and losses.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Brain reward function in people who use cannabis: a systematic review.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Neural responses to reward anticipation and feedback in adult and adolescent cannabis users and controls.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala Regulate ACPA-Induced Place Preference and Anxiolytic-Like Behaviors.Neurochemical research · 2022Article
- Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Regulates Drug Reward Behavior via Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Avoiding monetary loss: A human habenula functional MRI ultra-high field study.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In spite of evidence suggesting two possible mechanisms related to drug-seeking behavior, namely reward-seeking and harm avoidance, much of the addiction literature has focused largely on positive incentivization mechanisms associated with addiction. In this study, we examined the contributing neural mechanisms of avoidance of an aversive state to drug-seeking behavior during marijuana withdrawal. To that end, marijuana users were scanned while performing the monetary incentive delay task in order to assess positive and negative incentive processes. The results showed a group x incentive interaction, such that marijuana users had greater response in areas that underlie reward processes during positive incentives while controls showed greater response in the same areas, but to negative incentives. Furthermore, a negative correlation between withdrawal symptoms and response in the amygdala during negative incentives was found in the marijuana users. These findings suggest that although marijuana users have greater reward sensitivity and less harm avoidance than controls, that attenuated amygdala response, an area that underlies fear and avoidance, was present in marijuana users with greater marijuana withdrawal symptoms. This is concordant with models of drug addiction that involve multiple sources of reinforcement in substance use disorders, and suggests the importance of strategies that focus on respective mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.