ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Evidence for multiple roles for grainyhead-like 2 in the establishment and maintenance of human mucociliary airway epithelium.[corrected].
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis ofGenes · 2019Pooled it
- Defining the DNA Binding Specificity of GRHL2.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Derepression of the epithelial transcription factor GRHL2 promotes direct hepatocyte-to-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Alternate Grainy head isoforms regulate Drosophila midgut intestinal stem cell differentiation.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- GRHL2 Regulation of Growth/Motility Balance in Luminal versus Basal Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- GRHL2-controlled gene expression networks in luminal breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Grainyhead-like 2 is required for morphological integrity of mouse embryonic stem cells and orderly formation of inner ear-like organoids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Article
- GRHL2 Enhances Phosphorylated Estrogen Receptor (ER) Chromatin Binding and Regulates ER-Mediated Transcriptional Activation and Repression.Molecular and cellular biology · 2022Article
- Grainyhead-like (Grhl) Target Genes in Development and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Expression of Grainyhead-like 2 in the Process of Ductal Development of Mouse Mammary Gland.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2021Article
- Inactivation ofDisease models & mechanisms · 2020Article
- Establishment of chromatin accessibility by the conserved transcription factor Grainy head is developmentally regulated.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2020Article
- Functional roles of Grainyhead-like transcription factors in renal development and disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2020Review
- Spotlight on the Granules (Grainyhead-Like Proteins) - From an Evolutionary Conserved Controller of Epithelial Trait to Pioneering the Chromatin Landscape.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Review
- Grainyhead-like 2 as a double-edged sword in development and cancer.American journal of translational research · 2020Review
- Spinal neural tube closure depends on regulation of surface ectoderm identity and biomechanics by Grhl2.Nature communications · 2019Article
- The role of GRHL2 and epigenetic remodeling in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in ovarian cancer cells.Communications biology · 2019Article
- Building and Regenerating the Lung Cell by Cell.Physiological reviews · 2019Review
- Up-regulated miR-133a orchestrates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of airway epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Most of the airways of the human lung are lined by an epithelium made up of ciliated and secretory luminal cells and undifferentiated basal progenitor cells. The integrity of this epithelium and its ability to act as a selective barrier are critical for normal lung function. In other epithelia, there is evidence that transcription factors of the evolutionarily conserved grainyheadlike (GRHL) family play key roles in coordinating multiple cellular processes required for epithelial morphogenesis, differentiation, remodeling, and repair. However, only a few target genes have been identified, and little is known about GRHL function in the adult lung. Here we focus on the role of GRHL2 in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, both as undifferentiated progenitors and as they differentiate in air-liquid interface culture into an organized mucociliary epithelium with transepithelial resistance. Using a dominant-negative protein or shRNA to inhibit GRHL2, we follow changes in epithelial phenotype and gene transcription using RNA sequencing or microarray analysis. We identify several hundreds of genes that are directly or indirectly regulated by GRHL2 in both undifferentiated cells and air-liquid interface cultures. Using ChIP sequencing to map sites of GRHL2 binding in the basal cells, we identify 7,687 potential primary targets and confirm that GRHL2 binding is strongly enriched near GRHL2-regulated genes. Taken together, the results support the hypothesis that GRHL2 plays a key role in regulating many physiological functions of human airway epithelium, including those involving cell morphogenesis, adhesion, and motility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.