ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2014
Prevalence and pattern of stylohyoid chain complex patterns detected by panoramic radiographs among Turkish population.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and features of elongated styloid process on imaging studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluation of styloid chain calcification related to temporomandibular joint disc displacement: a retrospective cohort study.Oral radiology · 2021Trial
- A Multivariate CT-Based Model for Differentiating Styloid Syndrome From Asymptomatic Styloid Elongation: A Retrospective Comparative Study of Positional and Morphological Parameters.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- An Abnormally Long Styloid Process Without Stylohyoid Ligament Ossification: Morphological and CT Findings from Two Dry Skulls.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography in detecting styloid process elongation: a cone-beam computed tomography referenced retrospective study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Anatomical Reasons for an Impaired Internal Jugular Flow.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- The prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of Barcelona: a cross-sectional study & review of literature.BMC oral health · 2023Review
- Stylohyoid Ligament Calcification and Its Association With Dental Diseases.International dental journal · 2023Article
- Prevalence of morphological and structural changes in the stylohyoid chain.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2020Article
- Article
- Asymmetry of the greater cornua of the hyoid bone and the superior thyroid cornua: a case report.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2018Article
- Calcification of the stylohyoid complex in Libyans.The Saudi dental journal · 2018Article
- Relationship of stylohyoid chain and cervical internal carotid artery detected by 3D angiography.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2017Article
- Elongated styloid process evaluation on digital panoramic radiograph in a North Italian population.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2017Article
- Evaluation of styloid process morphology and calcification types in both genders with different ages and dental status.Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry · 2017Article
- Prevalence and pattern of the elongated styloid process among geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia.Clinical interventions in aging · 2017Article
- Does the state of dentition effect the type of stylohyoid chain calcification pattern?Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2016Article
- Prevalence of Elongated Styloid Process in a Central Brazilian Population.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2015Article
- Is there a relationship between symptoms of patients and tomographic characteristics of styloid process?Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2014Article
- Reliability of anatomic structures as landmarks in three-dimensional cephalometric analysis using CBCT.The Angle orthodontist · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe calcified stylohyoid ligament and the elongated styloid process (SP) are identified radiographically, are associated with several syndromes and symptoms. The aim of this study was to classify and determine the incidence of different types of stylohyoid chain patterns in Turkish population to provide a guide for the dentist and maxillofacial surgeon. The effect of menopause, on the elongation of SP was also investigated.
method1,600 patients, who visited Ege University Faculty of Dentistry, were enrolled. Images were evaluated for the pattern of stylohyoid chain complex according to O'Carroll's classification. The difference between age and gender was evaluated using χ(2) and ANOVA tests.
resultsNormal SP (Patterns A, B, C, D) 68.3 %, elongated SP (Pattern E) 27.1 %, calcified stylohyoid ligament (Patterns F, G, H, I, J, K) 1.7 % and absent stylohyoid chain 2.5 % ratios were encountered. Pattern D (52.5 %) was the most prevalent stylohyoid chain pattern followed by Pattern E (27.1 %) and Pattern C (10.7 %), respectively. Among the calcified stylohyoid ligament groups studied, Pattern G (2.6 %) was most frequently observed. There was no difference in gender for the type of stylohyoid chain complex pattern (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between menopause and non-menopause group (p > 0.05).
conclusionsAccording to the results of the present study, styloid process elongation is more common in older adults with no correlation to gender. In addition, menopause had no effect on the calcification or elongation of the stylohyoid chain. The sum of the elongated SP and the calcified stylohyoid ligament was 28.8 %.
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