Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2013
A national study of substance use behaviors among NCAA male athletes who use banned performance enhancing substances.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Doping Prevalence in Competitive Sport: Evidence Synthesis with "Best Practice" Recommendations and Reporting Guidelines from the WADA Working Group on Doping Prevalence.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Cannabis Use and Sport: A Systematic Review.Sports healthPooled it
- Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Opioid Pain Medication Use in Athletes.Cureus · 2026Review
- Performance-enhancing drug use in sports: a Bayesian variable selection and profile regression approach to identifying risk factors and estimating prevalence.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Biopsychosocial correlates of psychoactive substance use among student athletes in Azerbaijan.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Gender Differences in Anti-Doping Rule Violations Based on a 19-Year Data Analysis from the Serbian Anti-Doping Agency: National Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Testosterone Usage Leading to Pulmonary Embolisms and Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Hematology reports · 2023Article
- Initial examination of the mental health disorders: screening instrument for athletes.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Substance availability and use in ex-professional ice hockey enforcers.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Interassociation Consensus Statement on Sports Nutrition Models for the Provision of Nutrition Services From Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Collegiate Athletics.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
- Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: An update.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Testosterone Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Depression.Health psychology research · 2022Article
- Can Muscle Building Supplements Increase Testicular Cancer Risk?Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Random forest model to identify factors associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Third-Party Testing Nutritional Supplement Knowledge, Attitudes, and Use Among an NCAA I Collegiate Student-Athlete Population.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2020Article
- Social cohesion and peer acceptance predict student-athletes' attitudes toward health-risk behaviors: A within- and between-group investigation.Journal of science and medicine in sport · 2019Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Review
- Everyone Else Is Doing It: The Association Between Social Identity and Susceptibility to Peer Influence in NCAA Athletes.Journal of sport & exercise psychology · 2018Article
- Mad men, women and steroid cocktails: a review of the impact of sex and other factors on anabolic androgenic steroids effects on affective behaviors.Psychopharmacology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundReports of illicit substance use by college athletes have become commonplace in recent years, yet comparatively little effort has been put forth by the research community to understand these behaviors.
methodsData for this study came from a large, national dataset collected by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). This study compared substance use behaviors of male undergraduate student athletes who reported using ergogenic performance enhancing substances (e.g., anabolic steroids and peptide hormones) during college (PES users) to those who did not (PES non-users).
resultsA consistent pattern of higher substance use rates was observed among PES users compared to non-users, including heavier drinking, higher prevalence rates of cigarettes, marijuana, amphetamines, narcotics, and a variety of permissible and impermissible dietary supplements. An unexpected finding was that there were large discrepancies in reported prevalence rates between similar or overlapping survey items (e.g., past year use of "narcotics" versus "I have taken Vicodin, Oxycontin or Percocet with/without a prescription").
conclusionsThese findings suggest that male college athletes who use PES while in college demonstrate a general tendency to engage in alcohol and drug use behaviors, regardless of whether these behaviors improve or impede athletic performance. The results further suggest that college athletes may not fully appreciate drug categorizations that are commonly employed to gauge substance use behaviors. Changes to drug education and prevention programs may be needed to enhance understanding of drug properties and actions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.