ArticleGene2013
Partial venom gland transcriptome of a Drosophila parasitoid wasp, Leptopilina heterotoma, reveals novel and shared bioactive profiles with stinging Hymenoptera.
Article in Gene, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transforming hosts into nurseries and nutrients: strategic manipulation by endoparasitoid wasps.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Review
- Lipid Metabolism in Parasitoids and Parasitized Hosts.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Olfactory binding proteins: a review across the Insecta.Frontiers in zoology · 2025Review
- A rare, evolutionarily conserved venom protein benefits endoparasitism across parasitoids.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Flies use acetic acid to protect their offspring from parasitoids.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Venom vesicles from the parasitoidbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Multi-omic approach to characterize the venom of the parasitic wasp Cotesia congregata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Venomous Cargo: Diverse Toxin-Related Proteins Are Associated with Extracellular Vesicles in Parasitoid Wasp Venom.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Encapsulation and Melanization Are Not Correlated to Successful Immune Defense Against Parasitoid Wasps inCells · 2025Article
- The venom and telopodal defence systems of the centipede Lithobius forficatus are functionally convergent serial homologues.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Multi-Omic Identification of Venom Proteins Collected from Artificial Hosts of a Parasitoid Wasp.Toxins · 2023Article
- Article
- TheEcology and evolution · 2023Review
- Identification of Odorant-Binding and Chemosensory Protein Genes inFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Transcriptional Profiles of Diploid MutantInsects · 2021Article
- Functional Diversification, Redundancy, and Epistasis among Paralogs of the Drosophila melanogaster Obp50a-d Gene Cluster.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Article
- The 40-Year Mystery of Insect Odorant-Binding Proteins.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- An integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to identify the main Torymus sinensis venom components.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Analysis of natural host-parasite relationships reveals the evolutionary forces that shape the delicate and unique specificity characteristic of such interactions. The accessory long gland-reservoir complex of the wasp Leptopilina heterotoma (Figitidae) produces venom with virus-like particles. Upon delivery, venom components delay host larval development and completely block host immune responses. The host range of this Drosophila endoparasitoid notably includes the highly-studied model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Categorization of 827 unigenes, using similarity as an indicator of putative homology, reveals that approximately 25% are novel or classified as hypothetical proteins. Most of the remaining unigenes are related to processes involved in signaling, cell cycle, and cell physiology including detoxification, protein biogenesis, and hormone production. Analysis of L. heterotoma's predicted venom gland proteins demonstrates conservation among endo- and ectoparasitoids within the Apocrita (e.g., this wasp and the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis) and stinging aculeates (e.g., the honey bee and ants). Enzyme and KEGG pathway profiling predicts that kinases, esterases, and hydrolases may contribute to venom activity in this unique wasp. To our knowledge, this investigation is among the first functional genomic studies for a natural parasitic wasp of Drosophila. Our findings will help explain how L. heterotoma shuts down its hosts' immunity and shed light on the molecular basis of a natural arms race between these insects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.