Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23688234›Full record

ReviewJournal of medicinal chemistry2013

Hit identification and optimization in virtual screening: practical recommendations based on a critical literature analysis.

Tian Zhu, Shuyi Cao, Pin-Chih Su, Ram Patel, Darshan Shah, Heta B Chokshi, Richard Szukala, Michael E Johnson, Kirk E Hevener

Abstract readReviewValidation Study
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
137citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

137 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. In Silico Isomerization Produces Apt Negative Data for VHTS Validation.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Machine Learning for RNA-Targeting Drug Design.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tian ZhuCenter for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago , 900 S. Ashland Avenue, Suite 3100, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7173, United States.
Shuyi Cao
Pin-Chih Su
Ram Patel
Darshan Shah
Heta B Chokshi
Richard Szukala
Michael E Johnson
Kirk E Hevener

Funding

Novel antiobiotic development for biodefenseU01AI077949 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI JOHNSON, MICHAEL E. · 2009 to 2010
$4.0M
Multidisciplinary Oral Science TrainingT32DE018381 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI COOPER, LYNDON F · 2008 to 2019
$3.6M
Development of PLpro and 3CLpro Protease Inhibitors as Novel SARS TherapeuticsR56AI089535 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI JOHNSON, MICHAEL E. · 2010 to 2010
$1.5M
NIAID NIH HHS AI077949NIAID NIH HHS AI089535NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI089535NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI077949NIDCR NIH HHS DE018381NIDCR NIH HHS T32 DE018381
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A critical analysis of virtual screening results published between 2007 and 2011 was performed. The activity of reported hit compounds from over 400 studies was compared to their hit identification criteria. Hit rates and ligand efficiencies were calculated to assist in these analyses, and the results were compared with factors such as the size of the virtual library and the number of compounds tested. A series of promiscuity, druglike, and ADMET filters were applied to the reported hits to assess the quality of compounds reported, and a careful analysis of a subset of the studies that presented hit optimization was performed. These data allowed us to make several practical recommendations with respect to selection of compounds for experimental testing, definition of hit identification criteria, and general virtual screening hit criteria to allow for realistic hit optimization. A key recommendation is the use of size-targeted ligand efficiency values as hit identification criteria.

Indexed as

High-Throughput Screening AssaysDrug Discovery

Identifiers

PMID23688234
PMCPMC3772997

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.