ArticleThe American psychologist
HIV infection among people who inject drugs: the challenge of racial/ethnic disparities.
Article in The American psychologist. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Reducing HIV Risk Behaviors Among Black Women Living With and Without HIV/AIDS in the U.S.: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Web-Based HIV Behavioral Intervention for High-Risk African American Women.AIDS and behavior · 2015Trial
- Geometric deep learning enables high-fidelity network imputation for HIV transmission modeling.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Addressing HIV and Substance Use Health Disparities among Racial/Ethnic Minority Individuals.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- A Social History of Opioids' Crimedical Cycle.Addiction research & theory · 2024Article
- Impaired verbal memory in individuals living with HIV and cocaine dependence.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2022Article
- How are transgender women acquiring HIV? Insights from phylogenetic transmission clusters in San Francisco.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Continued Transmission of HIV Among Young Adults Who Inject Drugs in San Francisco: Still Room for Improvement.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- Exchange Sex and HIV Infection Among Women Who Inject Drugs-20 US Cities, 2009.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among women who inject drugs in NYC: the importance of networks and syringe exchange programs for HIV prevention.Harm reduction journal · 2017Article
- Trajectories of Aging Long-Term Mexican American Heroin Injectors: The "Maturing Out" Paradox.Journal of aging and health · 2016Article
- Association of exposure to neighborhood drug activity, neurobehavioral traits, and marijuana use among at-risk African American females.Addictive behaviors · 2015Article
- The Contribution of Missed Clinic Visits to Disparities in HIV Viral Load Outcomes.American journal of public health · 2015Article
- Prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviors among younger and older injecting drug users in the United States, 2009.AIDS and behavior · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection, with minority groups typically having higher rates of infection, are a formidable public health challenge. In the United States, among both men and women who inject drugs, HIV infection rates are elevated among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks. A meta-analysis of international research concluded that among persons who inject drugs, racial and ethnic minorities were twice as likely to acquire an HIV infection, though there was great variation across the individual studies. To examine strategies to reduce racial/ethnic disparities among persons who inject drugs, we reviewed studies on injection drug use and its role in HIV transmission. We identified four sets of evidence-based interventions that may reduce racial/ethnic disparities among persons who inject drugs: HIV counseling and testing, risk reduction services, access to antiretroviral therapy, and drug abuse treatment. Implementation of these services, however, is insufficient in many countries, including the United States. Persons who inject drugs appear to be changing drug use norms and rituals to reduce their risks. The challenges are to (a) develop a validated model of how racial/ethnic disparities in HIV infection arise, persist, and are reduced or eliminated over time and (b) implement evidence-based services on a sufficient scale to eliminate HIV transmission among all persons who inject drugs.
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Registered trials
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