ReviewThe American psychologist
Stigma and racial/ethnic HIV disparities: moving toward resilience.
Review in The American psychologist. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03331978 (A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Intervention for HIV+ African Americans), which is not on this map. Cited by 288 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Intervention for HIV+ African Americans
Who cites it
288 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Suicide Among Persons Living with HIV (1996-2020).AIDS and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Non-Communicable Diseases-Related Stigma: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Combination Behavioral Interventions Co-Targeting Psychosocial Syndemics and HIV-Related Health Behaviors for Sexual Minority Men.Journal of sex research · 2020Pooled it
- Older African Americans and the HIV Care Continuum: A Systematic Review of the Literature, 2003-2018.AIDS and behavior · 2019Pooled it
- An HIV care provider training on addressing intersectional stigma and medical mistrust: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Patient education and counseling · 2026Trial
- Pilot randomized controlled trial to reduce HIV-related stigma among clinicians in Malaysia via project ECHO®.AIDS care · 2025Trial
- Comparing PrEP use among men who have sex with men with a recent incarceration history.AIDS care · 2025Trial
- A resiliency intervention adapted for older women with HIV: Results from a pilot randomized controlled trial in the northeastern US.Journal of health psychology · 2025Trial
- Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial.BMC psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of a Remote Coaching mHealth Adherence Intervention in Youth Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2022Trial
- Discrimination and alcohol problems among heavy drinking HIV-positive men who have sex with men: The buffering effect of a brief Motivational Intervention to reduce alcohol use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Trial
- Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an Intervention to Improve Coping with Intersectional Stigma and Medication Adherence Among HIV-Positive Latinx Sexual Minority Men.AIDS and behavior · 2021Trial
- Correlates of High HIV Viral Load and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Viremic Youth in the United States Enrolled in an Adherence Improvement Intervention.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2021Trial
- The Treatment Ambassador Program: A Highly Acceptable and Feasible Community-Based Peer Intervention for South Africans Living with HIV Who Delay or Discontinue Antiretroviral Therapy.AIDS and behavior · 2021Trial
- Patterns of alcohol use and associated characteristics and HIV-related outcomes among a sample of African-American women living with HIV.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Mediators of Intervention Effects on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV: Secondary Analysis of a Mobile Health Randomized Controlled Trial Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2019Trial
- Religiosity, Social Support, and Ethnic Identity: Exploring "Resilience Resources" for African-American Women Experiencing HIV-Related Stigma.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Factors Associated with ART Adherence and Sustained Viral Suppression Among US Young Adults with HIV, 2015-2022.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- State HIV Prevention Policy Environments and HIV Prevention Outcomes: Racial and Ethnic Differences in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Healthcare Acceptability and Delayed Care Among Older People Living with HIV in the All of Us Program.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
228 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prior research suggests that stigma plays a role in racial/ethnic health disparities. However, there is limited understanding about the mechanisms by which stigma contributes to HIV-related disparities in risk, incidence and screening, treatment, and survival and what can be done to reduce the impact of stigma on these disparities. We introduce the Stigma and HIV Disparities Model to describe how societal stigma related to race and ethnicity is associated with racial/ethnic HIV disparities via its manifestations at the structural level (e.g., residential segregation) as well as the individual level among perceivers (e.g., discrimination) and targets (e.g., internalized stigma). We then review evidence of these associations. Because racial/ethnic minorities at risk of and living with HIV often possess multiple stigmas (e.g., HIV-positive, substance use), we adopt an intersectionality framework and conceptualize interdependence among co-occurring stigmas. We further propose a resilience agenda and suggest that intervening on modifiable strength-based moderators of the association between societal stigma and disparities can reduce disparities. Strengthening economic and community empowerment and trust at the structural level, creating common ingroup identities and promoting contact with people living with HIV among perceivers at the individual level, and enhancing social support and adaptive coping among targets at the individual level can improve resilience to societal stigma and ultimately reduce racial/ethnic HIV disparities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.