ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2013
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations associated with first-line stavudine-containing antiretroviral therapy: programmatic implications for countries phasing out stavudine.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00433030 (Observational Cohort of HIV Infected Adults and Children in the PHPT Network Hospitals in Thailand), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Observational Cohort of HIV Infected Adults and Children in the PHPT Network Hospitals in Thailand
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cumulative prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in perinatal HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Observational
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- High HIV-1 Virological Failure and Drug Resistance among Adult Patients Receiving First-Line ART for At least 12 Months at a Decentralized Urban HIV Clinic Setting in Senegal before the Test-and-Treat.Infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Frailty among HIV-1 Infected Adults under Antiretroviral Therapy in Indonesia.Current HIV research · 2019Article
- Evolution of HIV-1 drug resistance after virological failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia.Antiviral therapy · 2019Article
- Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.AIDS research and therapy · 2018Article
- Key Factors Influencing the Emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Review
- Virological response, HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and genetic diversity among patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in N'Djamena, Chad: findings from a cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2017Article
- HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Non-B Subtypes After Prolonged Virological Failure on NNRTI-Based First-Line Regimens in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Structural Insights into HIV Reverse Transcriptase Mutations Q151M and Q151M Complex That Confer Multinucleoside Drug Resistance.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration.EBioMedicine · 2017Article
- Mechanisms of Accelerated Liver Fibrosis Progression during HIV Infection.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2016Review
- Global Comparison of Drug Resistance Mutations After First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Across Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Subtypes.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Phenotype, Genotype, and Drug Resistance in Subtype C HIV-1 Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Article
- Next generation sequencing improves detection of drug resistance mutations in infants after PMTCT failure.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2015Article
- Population-based human immunodeficiency virus 1 drug resistance profiles among individuals who experienced virological failure to first-line antiretroviral therapy in Henan, China during 2010-2011.AIDS research and therapy · 2015Article
- High prevalence of the K65R mutation in HIV-1 subtype C infected patients failing tenofovir-based first-line regimens in South Africa.PloS one · 2015Article
- Drug susceptibility and resistance mutations after first-line failure in resource limited settings.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
50 authors at 20 institutions in 17 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe World Health Organization Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines recommend phasing-out stavudine because of its risk of long-term toxicity. There are two mutational pathways of stavudine resistance with different implications for zidovudine and tenofovir cross-resistance, the primary candidates for replacing stavudine. However, because resistance testing is rarely available in resource-limited settings, it is critical to identify the cross-resistance patterns associated with first-line stavudine failure.
methodsWe analyzed HIV-1 resistance mutations following first-line stavudine failure from 35 publications comprising 1,825 individuals. We also assessed the influence of concomitant nevirapine vs. efavirenz, therapy duration, and HIV-1 subtype on the proportions of mutations associated with zidovudine vs. tenofovir cross-resistance.
resultsMutations with preferential zidovudine activity, K65R or K70E, occurred in 5.3% of individuals. Mutations with preferential tenofovir activity, ≥ two thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) or Q151M, occurred in 22% of individuals. Nevirapine increased the risk of TAMs, K65R, and Q151M. Longer therapy increased the risk of TAMs and Q151M but not K65R. Subtype C and CRF01_AE increased the risk of K65R, but only CRF01_AE increased the risk of K65R without Q151M.
conclusionsRegardless of concomitant nevirapine vs. efavirenz, therapy duration, or subtype, tenofovir was more likely than zidovudine to retain antiviral activity following first-line d4T therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.