Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2013
Role of intestinal mucosal integrity in HIV transmission to infants through breast-feeding: the BAN study.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cotrimoxazole reduces systemic inflammation in HIV infection by altering the gut microbiome and immune activation.Science translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Infection-driven gut dysbiosis and epigenetic programming of microglia: toward a systems level framework linking microbial metabolites, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and probiotic modulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Predictors of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among HIV-exposed Infants.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2025Article
- A gut check: understanding the interplay of the gastrointestinal microbiome and the developing immune system towards the goal of pediatric HIV remission.Retrovirology · 2024Review
- Maternal and Newborn Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and Pregnancy: Parallels and Contrasts with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.Medical research archives · 2024Article
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Compositional analyses reveal correlations between taxon-level gut bacterial abundance and peripheral T cell marker expression in African infants.Gut microbes · 2020Article
- Feeding-Related Gut Microbial Composition Associates With Peripheral T-Cell Activation and Mucosal Gene Expression in African Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Potential Role of Regulatory T Cells in Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.Current HIV research · 2018Article
- Intestinal Damage and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Exposed and HIV-Infected Zimbabwean Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Rectal microbiota among HIV-uninfected, untreated HIV, and treated HIV-infected in Nigeria.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Impact of HIV Infection and Anti-Retroviral Therapy on the Immune Profile of and Microbial Translocation in HIV-Infected Children in Vietnam.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Paediatric HIV infection: the potential for cure.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2016Review
- Human breast milk: is it the best milk to prevent HIV transmission?Journal of virus eradication · 2016Article
- Obstetrical, maternal characteristics and outcome of HIV-infected rapid progressor infants at Yaounde: a retrospective study.Translational pediatrics · 2016Article
- Soluble CD14: An Independent Biomarker for the Risk of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in a Setting of Preexposure and Postexposure Antiretroviral Prophylaxis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Immune activation and paediatric HIV-1 disease outcome.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2016Review
- HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in Zimbabwe: Insights into Health Outcomes in the Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy Era.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV type 1: the role of neonatal and infant prophylaxis.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreased intestinal permeability may be one of the mechanisms of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to infants through breast-feeding. Intestinal permeability correlates with microbial translocation, which can be measured through quantification of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
methodsWe evaluated levels of plasma LPS (by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay) and immune activation markers in serial specimens from infants exposed to but uninfected with HIV and infants infected with HIV from the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition (BAN) study.
resultsPlasma LPS levels increased after infants in the BAN study were weaned from the breast, at 24 weeks of age. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was associated with higher plasma LPS levels (P = .004). Infants with HIV infection had higher LPS levels, compared with uninfected infants (P = .004). Higher preinfection plasma LPS levels were a significant predictor of infant HIV infection through breast-feeding (hazard ratio = 1.60 for every unit increase in plasma LPS level; P = .01) and of lower infant length-for-age z scores (P = .02).
conclusionsThese findings suggest that disruption in intestinal integrity is a mechanism of HIV transmission to infants through breast-feeding. Weaning from breast milk and use of antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with increased levels of microbial translocation, which could facilitate HIV entry through the intestine. Complementary approaches to enhance intestinal mucosal integrity in the infant may further reduce breast-feeding transmission of HIV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.