Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23686446›Full record

ArticleThe Laryngoscope2014

Swallowing kinematics and airway protection after palatal local anesthesia in infant pigs.

Shaina D Holman, Regina Campbell-Malone, Peng Ding, Estela M Gierbolini-Norat, Stacey L Lukasik, Danielle R Waranch, Rebecca Z German

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Laryngoscope, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Research advances in dysphagia animal models.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. The effects of simulated gastroesophageal reflux on infant pig oropharyngeal feeding physiology.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Shaina D HolmanDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.; Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.
Regina Campbell-Malone
Peng Ding
Estela M Gierbolini-Norat
Stacey L Lukasik
Danielle R Waranch
Rebecca Z German
Johns Hopkins University · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · USUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · US

Funding

TRAINING IN OROFACIAL BIOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCET32DE007309 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI GORDON, SHARON M. · 1997 to 2012
$6.8M
Research Training in Rehabilitation for Brain Injury and Neurological DisabilityT32HD007414 · NICHD · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI Amy J. Bastian · 1991 to 2026
$6.3M
Dysphagia and Recovery After Vagal or Laryngeal Nerve InjuryR01DC009980 · NIDCD · NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY · PI GERMAN, REBECCA Z · 2010 to 2014
$2.0M
DIFFERENCES IN SWALLOW MECHANICS IN INFANTSR01DC003604 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI GERMAN, REBECCA Z · 1998 to 2005
$1.8M
Oral Sensation During Pharyngeal Swallowing in Infant MammalsF30DE021944 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI HOLMAN, SHAINA DEVI · 2012 to 2015
$111k
NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007414NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC003604NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC009980NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC03604NIDCR NIH HHS F30 DE021944NIDCR NIH HHS T32 DE007309NIDCR NIH HHS T32 DE07309
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectives/hypothesisAbnormal kinematics during swallowing can result in aspiration, which may become life threatening. We tested the role of palatal sensation in the motor control of pharyngeal swallow in infants. STUDY

designIn eight infant pigs, we reduced palatal sensation using local anesthesia (PLA) and measured the impact on swallowing kinematics and airway protection.

methodsThe pigs drank milk containing barium while we simultaneously recorded videofluoroscopy and electromyography from fine wire bipolar electrodes in several hyolaryngeal muscles. We compared these results to control feedings and feedings following palatal saline injections.

resultsAfter PLA, four pigs had extreme jaw movements and abnormal tongue movement uncharacteristic of sucking. For this reason, we evaluated differences between these group B pigs and the others that could suck normally after PLA (group A). In the four group A pigs, after PLA there was less hyoid elevation (P < .001) but normal jaw and tongue movements. In group B, in addition to greater jaw movement (P < .001) there was more anterior and superior tongue movement (P < .001) and a larger range of hyoid movement (P < .001).

conclusionsThe airway was protected in all of the pigs, indicating that these changes allowed successful adaptation to the reduction in palatal sensation. However, the oral and pharyngeal phases of the swallow were functionally linked, and trigeminal sensation influenced the motor control of the pharyngeal swallow. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

Indexed as

Anesthesia, LocalPalateAge FactorsAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaDeglutitionPharynxSus scrofaanimal modelDysphagiaelectromyographygreater palatine nerveinfantnasopalatine nerveneurophysiologypigvideofluoroscopy

Identifiers

PMID23686446
PMCPMC4319539
OpenAlexW2158106670

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.