ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2013
Direct imaging of ER calcium with targeted-esterase induced dye loading (TED).
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcium signaling hypothesis: A non-negligible pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Beyond tumour suppression: cGAS-STING pathway in urologic malignancies: Context-dependent duality and therapeutic implications.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Calcium Signaling in Regulated Necrosis.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Calreticulin-From the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Plasma Membrane-Adventures of a Wandering Protein.Cancers · 2025Review
- Altered endoplasmic reticulum calcium loading in human PLN-R14del cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Ivermectin inhibits the growth of ESCC by activating the ATF4-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy pathway.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- A Novel Single-Color FRET Sensor for Rho-Kinase Reveals Calcium-Dependent Activation of RhoA and ROCK.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dysregulated Wnt and NFAT signaling in a Parkinson's disease LRRK2 G2019S knock-in model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The interaction of GRP78 and Zika virus E and NS1 proteins occurs in a chaperone-client manner.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis: a potential target for diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Fluorescent and Bioluminescent Calcium Indicators with Tuneable Colors and Affinities.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2022Article
- Role of PKD2 in the endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Shaped by leaky ER: Homeostatic CaFrontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Calcium in peroxisomes: An essential messenger in an essential cell organelle.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Resource for FRET-Based Biosensor Optimization.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Lipids modulate the BH3-independent membrane targeting and activation of BAX and Bcl-xL.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Isoprenoid Derivatives of Lysophosphatidylcholines Enhance Insulin and GLP-1 Secretion through Lipid-Binding GPCRs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Endoplasmic reticulum maintains ion homeostasis required for plasma membrane repair.The Journal of cell biology · 2021Article
- Targeted esterase-induced dye (TED) loading supports direct calcium imaging in eukaryotic cell-free systems.RSC advances · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Visualization of calcium dynamics is important to understand the role of calcium in cell physiology. To examine calcium dynamics, synthetic fluorescent Ca(2+) indictors have become popular. Here we demonstrate TED (= targeted-esterase induced dye loading), a method to improve the release of Ca(2+) indicator dyes in the ER lumen of different cell types. To date, TED was used in cell lines, glial cells, and neurons in vitro. TED bases on efficient, recombinant targeting of a high carboxylesterase activity to the ER lumen using vector-constructs that express Carboxylesterases (CES). The latest TED vectors contain a core element of CES2 fused to a red fluorescent protein, thus enabling simultaneous two-color imaging. The dynamics of free calcium in the ER are imaged in one color, while the corresponding ER structure appears in red. At the beginning of the procedure, cells are transduced with a lentivirus. Subsequently, the infected cells are seeded on coverslips to finally enable live cell imaging. Then, living cells are incubated with the acetoxymethyl ester (AM-ester) form of low-affinity Ca(2+) indicators, for instance Fluo5N-AM, Mag-Fluo4-AM, or Mag-Fura2-AM. The esterase activity in the ER cleaves off hydrophobic side chains from the AM form of the Ca(2+) indicator and a hydrophilic fluorescent dye/Ca(2+) complex is formed and trapped in the ER lumen. After dye loading, the cells are analyzed at an inverted confocal laser scanning microscope. Cells are continuously perfused with Ringer-like solutions and the ER calcium dynamics are directly visualized by time-lapse imaging. Calcium release from the ER is identified by a decrease in fluorescence intensity in regions of interest, whereas the refilling of the ER calcium store produces an increase in fluorescence intensity. Finally, the change in fluorescent intensity over time is determined by calculation of ΔF/F0.
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