ArticleThe Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology2014
Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of endometrial cancer.
Article in The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Continuous Combined Estrogen Plus Progestin and Endometrial Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2016Trial
- Temporal Clustering of Endometrial Cancer and Hyperplasia in HRT Users with Unscheduled Bleeding: A Retrospective NHS Cohort Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Observational
- When Estrogen Signaling Refuses to Die: Receptor Rewiring, Compartmentalization, and Endocrine Plasticity in Gynecological Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus conjugated equine estrogens on lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein concentrations in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Does adenomyosis influence tumor characteristics and survival in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer??BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Estrogens and breast cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Review
- Predictive Genetic Testing in the Cancer Management and Prevention.Journal of cancer science and clinical therapeutics · 2025Article
- Prospective cohort of pre-diagnosis hormone exposure and post-diagnosis sex hormone levels with survival outcomes: Alberta Endometrial Cancer Cohort Study.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Article
- Drugs against osteoporosis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Endometrial Atypical Hyperplasia and Risk of Endometrial Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Screening Strategies to Improve Early Diagnosis in Endometrial Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Circulating Adipocytokines and Insulin Like-Growth Factors and Their Modulation in Obesity-Associated Endometrial Cancer.Cancers · 2024Article
- Risk factors for endometrial cancer in Black women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Article
- Corpus Uteri Cancer in Kazakhstan: Recent Incidence Trends.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Obesity, Fat Distribution and Risk of Cancer in Women and Men: A Mendelian Randomisation Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Investigating the Effect of Estradiol Levels on the Risk of Breast, Endometrial, and Ovarian Cancer.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Prevention of endometrial cancer through lifestyle Interventions: A systematic review and synthesis.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2022Review
- Menopausal osteoporosis: screening, prevention and treatment.Singapore medical journal · 2021Article
- Theoretical potential for endometrial cancer prevention through primary risk factor modification: Estimates from the EPIC cohort.International journal of cancer · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is clearly a hormonally responsive tumor, with a critical role played by estrogens unopposed by progestins. Numerous epidemiologic studies have shown substantial risk increases associated with use of unopposed estrogens, especially among thin women. This risk, however, can be reduced if progestins are added to the therapy. The manner in which progestins are prescribed is a critical determinant of risk. Most studies show that women who have ever used progestins continuously (>25 days/months) are at somewhat reduced risk relative to non-users (meta-analysis relative risk, RR, based on observational studies=0.78, 95 confidence intervals, CI, 0.72-0.86). The reduced risk in greatest among heavy women. In contrast, women who have ever used progestins sequentially for <10 days each month are at increased risk, with meta-analysis results showing on overall RR of 1.76 (1.51-2.05); in contrast, progestins given for 10-24 days/month appear unrelated to risk (RR=1.07, 0.92-1.24). These risks were based on varying patterns of usage, with little information available regarding how endometrial cancer risk is affected by duration of use, type and/or dose of estrogen or progestin, or mode of administration. Effects may also vary by clinical characteristics (e.g., differences for Type I vs. II tumors). Further resolution of many of these relationships may be dependent on pooling data from multiple studies to derive sufficient power for subgroups of users. With changing clinical practices, it will be important for future studies to monitor a wide range of exposures and to account for divergent effects of different usage patterns. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Menopause'.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.