ArticleBMC genomics2013
Genomic and physiological variability within Group II (non-proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum.
Article in BMC genomics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Advances in Clostridial Neurotoxins: Passage of the Intestinal Barrier and Targeting of Specific Neuronal Cells.Toxins · 2026Review
- Clostridium botulinum serotype B: microbial genetics, toxin biosynthesis, current applications, and future prospects.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Selection and Development of Nontoxic NonproteolyticFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sporulation Strategies and Potential Role of the Exosporium in Survival and Persistence ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Origin and evolution of nonulosonic acid synthases and their relationship with bacterial pathogenicity revealed by a large-scale phylogenetic analysis.Microbial genomics · 2021Article
- Pan-Genomic Analysis ofToxins · 2020Article
- Critical Analysis of Neuronal Cell and the Mouse Bioassay for Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins.Toxins · 2019Review
- Review
- Virulence Plasmids of the Pathogenic Clostridia.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Article
- Exploring Biodiversity and Arsenic Metabolism of Microbiota Inhabiting Arsenic-Rich Groundwaters in Northern Italy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Substrate cleavage and duration of action of botulinum neurotoxin type FA ("H, HA").Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2018Article
- The orphan germinant receptor protein GerXAO (but not GerX3b) is essential for L-alanine induced germination in Clostridium botulinum Group II.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Differentiating Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia with a Simple, Multiplex PCR Assay.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Systematic Assessment of Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum Spores for Heat Resistance.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Review
- Impact ofCurrent opinion in food science · 2016Review
- Diversity of Group I and II Clostridium botulinum Strains from France Including Recently Identified Subtypes.Genome biology and evolution · 2016Article
- Comparative genomic analyses reveal broad diversity in botulinum-toxin-producing Clostridia.BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Evolution of Chromosomal Clostridium botulinum Type E Neurotoxin Gene Clusters: Evidence Provided by Their Rare Plasmid-Borne Counterparts.Genome biology and evolution · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClostridium botulinum is a group of four physiologically and phylogenetically distinct bacteria that produce botulinum neurotoxin. While studies have characterised variability between strains of Group I (proteolytic) C. botulinum, the genetic and physiological variability and relationships between strains within Group II (non-proteolytic) C. botulinum are not well understood. In this study the genome of Group II strain C. botulinum Eklund 17B (NRP) was sequenced and used to construct a whole genome DNA microarray. This was used in a comparative genomic indexing study to compare the relatedness of 43 strains of Group II C. botulinum (14 type B, 24 type E and 5 type F). These results were compared with characteristics determined from physiological tests.
resultsWhole genome indexing showed that strains of Group II C. botulinum isolated from a wide variety of environments over more than 75 years clustered together indicating the genetic background of Group II C. botulinum is stable. Further analysis showed that strains forming type B or type F toxin are closely related with only toxin cluster genes targets being unique to either type. Strains producing type E toxin formed a separate subset. Carbohydrate fermentation tests supported the observation that type B and F strains form a separate subset to type E strains. All the type F strains and most of type B strains produced acid from amylopectin, amylose and glycogen whereas type E strains did not. However, these two subsets did not differ strongly in minimum growth temperature or maximum NaCl concentration for growth. No relationship was found between tellurite resistance and toxin type despite all the tested type B and type F strains carrying tehB, while the sequence was absent or diverged in all type E strains.
conclusionsAlthough Group II C. botulinum form a tight genetic group, genomic and physiological analysis indicates there are two distinct subsets within this group. All type B strains and type F strains are in one subset and all type E strains in the other.
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Registered trials
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