ArticleThe Journal of general virology2013
Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species A, B and C into genotypically assigned types.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers.
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Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phylogenetic characterization of rhinoviruses from infants in Sarlahi, Nepal.Journal of medical virology · 2019Trial
- PreDicta chip-based high resolution diagnosis of rhinovirus-induced wheeze.Nature communications · 2018Trial
- Comparison of asymptomatic and symptomatic rhinovirus infections in university students: incidence, species diversity, and viral load.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2015Trial
- Rhinovirus Species in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and the Risk of Asthma in Children.Pediatric pulmonology · 2026Article
- Pharyngeal Microenvironment Associated with Human Rhinovirus Infection in Children: Insights from Metatranscriptomic Sequencing.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Virome analysis reveals ORF7 sequences of type 2 porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) for the first time in a rodent host (One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- The rhinovirus puzzle: Linking virus and host factors to childhood asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- rhinotypeR enables reproducible rhinovirus genotype assignment from VP4/2 sequences.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization of human rhinovirus strains detected in pediatric acute respiratory tract infections.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Recovery of an 18bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution of rhinovirus in Jining City, 2024-2025.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Genotypic Diversity of Human Rhinovirus in Children with Pneumonia Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Eighteen Years of Human Rhinovirus Surveillance in the Republic of Korea (2007-2024): Age- and Season-Specific Trends from a Single-Center Study with Public Health Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Seasonal dynamics and genetic diversity of human rhinoviruses in patients with acute respiratory infection in Bangkok in 2024.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Full-length and near-full-length genomes of human rhinovirus A105 detected in patients with non-respiratory tract symptoms in Osaka, Japan.Microbiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Respiratory virus circulation during pandemic: Why were some viruses still circulating?Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and genotypic diversity of rhinovirus in school-age children with acute respiratory illnesses seeking medical care.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Hidden in plain sight: the impact of human rhinovirus infection in adults.Respiratory research · 2025Review
- Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Rhinovirus in Western Washington State, 2021-2022.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) frequently cause mild upper respiratory tract infections and more severe disease manifestations such as bronchiolitis and asthma exacerbations. HRV is classified into three species within the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. HRV species A and B contain 75 and 25 serotypes identified by cross-neutralization assays, although the use of such assays for routine HRV typing is hampered by the large number of serotypes, replacement of virus isolation by molecular methods in HRV diagnosis and the poor or absent replication of HRV species C in cell culture. To address these problems, we propose an alternative, genotypic classification of HRV-based genetic relatedness analogous to that used for enteroviruses. Nucleotide distances between 384 complete VP1 sequences of currently assigned HRV (sero)types identified divergence thresholds of 13, 12 and 13 % for species A, B and C, respectively, that divided inter- and intra-type comparisons. These were paralleled by 10, 9.5 and 10 % thresholds in the larger dataset of >3800 VP4 region sequences. Assignments based on VP1 sequences led to minor revisions of existing type designations (such as the reclassification of serotype pairs, e.g. A8/A95 and A29/A44, as single serotypes) and the designation of new HRV types A101-106, B101-103 and C34-C51. A protocol for assignment and numbering of new HRV types using VP1 sequences and the restriction of VP4 sequence comparisons to type identification and provisional type assignments is proposed. Genotypic assignment and identification of HRV types will be of considerable value in the future investigation of type-associated differences in disease outcomes, transmission and epidemiology.
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