ArticlePsychological medicine2014
Associations of prenatal maternal smoking with offspring hyperactivity: causal or confounded?
Article in Psychological medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between Exposure to Parental Substance Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- An introduction to inverse probability weighting and marginal structural models: The case of environmental tobacco exposure and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder behaviors.Developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Prenatal and Childhood Smoke Exposure Associations with Cognition, Language, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Invited Commentary: Sibling-Comparison Designs, Are They Worth the Effort?American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Family-Based Designs that Disentangle Inherited Factors from Pre- and Postnatal Environmental Exposures: In Vitro Fertilization, Discordant Sibling Pairs, Maternal versus Paternal Comparisons, and Adoption Designs.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure across the first four years of life and manifestation of externalizing behavior problems in school-aged children.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2020Article
- Aggressive behaviour in childhood and adolescence: the role of smoking during pregnancy, evidence from four twin cohorts in the EU-ACTION consortium.Psychological medicine · 2019Article
- Examining the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Child Behavior Problems Using Quality-Adjusted Life Years.Maternal and child health journal · 2018Article
- Negative control exposure studies in the presence of measurement error: implications for attempted effect estimate calibration.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Hyperactivity Behavior in Chinese Young Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Environmental Toxicants: Epigenetics as an Underlying Mechanism.International journal of genomics · 2017Review
- Testing Causal Effects of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Offspring's Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior.Behavior genetics · 2016Article
- Commonalities and specificities between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism-spectrum disorders: can epidemiology contribute?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2015Article
- Maternal smoking and offspring inattention and hyperactivity: results from a cross-national European survey.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2015Article
- Prenatal tobacco exposure and self-regulation in early childhood: Implications for developmental psychopathology.Development and psychopathology · 2015Article
- Commentary: Smoking in pregnancy and offspring health: early insights into family-based and 'negative control' studies?International journal of epidemiology · 2014Article
- Prenatal nicotine exposure and child behavioural problems.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between prenatal tobacco exposure and hyperactivity remains controversial. To mitigate limitations of prior studies, we used a strategy involving comparison of maternal and paternal smoking reports in a historical sample where smoking during pregnancy was common.
methodData were drawn from a longitudinally followed subsample of the Child Health and Development Study (n = 1752), a population-based pregnancy cohort ascertained in 1961-1963 in California. Maternal prenatal smoking was common (33.4%). Maternal and paternal smoking patterns were assessed at three time points by mother report. Hyperactivity was assessed at the mean of age of 10 years based on mother report to a personality inventory.
resultsUnadjusted, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with offspring hyperactivity [β = 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.33] and, to a similar degree, when the father smoked (β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.30). After adjustment, maternal smoking remained robustly predictive of offspring hyperactivity (β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.40) but father smoking was not (β = 0.02, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.24). When examined among the pairs matched on propensity score, mother smoking was robustly related to offspring hyperactivity whether the father smoked (β = 0.26, 95% CI 0.03-0.49) or did not smoke (β = 0.30, 95% CI 0.04-0.57). By number of cigarettes, associations with hyperactivity were present for 10-19 and 20+ cigarettes per day among mothers.
conclusionsIn a pregnancy cohort recruited in a time period in which smoking during pregnancy was common, we document associations between prenatal smoking exposure and offspring hyperactivity. Novel approaches to inferring causality continue to be necessary in describing the potential adverse consequences of prenatal smoking exposure later in life.
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