ReviewJournal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research2013
Toll-like receptor polymorphisms, inflammatory and infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer.
Review in Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between TLR 2 (rs3804099), TLR4 (rs4986790), and TLR 9 (rs187084) polymorphism and leukemia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of toll-like receptor agonists as therapeutic agents and vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases in animals: a systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Unusual Sporotrichosis: A New Concept Proposal on the Unexpected Faces ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Inflammatory Nexus of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: From Molecular Pathways to Precision Therapeutics.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Review
- Cell-to-Cell and Patient-to-Patient Variability in Antimicrobial Resistance.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Impact of toll-like receptors on food allergy: mechanisms involved and scientific evidence.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Review
- Cell surface Toll-like receptor polymorphisms influenceiScience · 2025Article
- Innate immune sensing and vaccine strategies against West Nile virus: role of Toll-like receptors and viral evasion mechanisms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Transcriptome sequencing analysis of bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide.Animal biotechnology · 2024Review
- Anti-Gene IGF-I Vaccines in Cancer Gene Therapy: A Review of a Case of Glioblastoma.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Therapeutic effect of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid on bacterial sepsis in mice.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia-A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The Role of Platelets in Infective Endocarditis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Association of Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphism with SARS CoV-2 infection in Kurdish Population.Human gene (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Polymorphisms in the Genes Coding for TLRs, NLRs and RLRs Are Associated with Clinical Parameters of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Association Between Gut Microbiota, Toll-Like Receptors, and Colorectal Cancer.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2022Review
- A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 2 Agonist Protects Mice in a Prophylactic Treatment Model Against Challenge WithFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Association of genetic variations in ACE2, TIRAP and factor X with outcomes in COVID-19.PloS one · 2022Article
- GM-CSF production by non-classical monocytes controls antagonistic LPS-driven functions in allergic inflammation.Cell reports · 2021Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germ-line-encoded innate immune sensors that recognize conserved microbial structures and host alarmins and signal expression of MHC proteins, costimulatory molecules, and inflammatory mediators by macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and other cell types. These processes activate immediate and early mechanisms of innate host defense, as well as initiate and orchestrate adaptive immune responses. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR genes have been associated with altered susceptibility to infectious, inflammatory, and allergic diseases, and have been found to play a role in tumorigenesis. Critical advances in our understanding of innate immune functions and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered complex interactions of genetic polymorphisms within TLRs and environmental factors. However, conclusions obtained in the course of such analyses are restricted by limited power of many studies that is likely to explain controversial findings. Further, linkages to certain ethnic backgrounds, gender, and the presence of multigenic effects further complicate the interpretations of how the TLR SNPs affect immune responses. For many TLRs, the molecular mechanisms by which SNPs impact receptor functions remain unknown. In this review, I have summarized current knowledge about the TLR polymorphisms, their impact on TLR signaling, and associations with various inflammatory, infectious, allergic diseases and cancers, and discussed the directions of future scientific research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.