ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2013
IRES-driven expression of the capsid protein of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus TC-83 vaccine strain increases its attenuation and safety.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus: Structural Biology, Vaccines, and Advances in Functional Antibodies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Development of a Bicistronic Yellow Fever Live Attenuated Vaccine with Reduced Neurovirulence and Viscerotropism.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- A DNA vaccine targeting VEE virus delivered by needle-free jet-injection protects macaques against aerosol challenge.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Insights into Antibody-Mediated Alphavirus Immunity and Vaccine Development Landscape.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- An innovative protein expression system using RNA polymerase I for large-scale screening of high-nucleic-acid content Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.Microbial biotechnology · 2020Article
- Rationally Attenuated Vaccines for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Protect Against Epidemic Strains with a Single Dose.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: the problem is not over for tropical America.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2020Review
- Article
- Article
- Current Understanding of the Molecular Basis of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development.Viruses · 2019Review
- Unbiased Strain-Typing of Arbovirus Directly from Mosquitoes Using Nanopore Sequencing: A Field-forward Biosurveillance Protocol.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The synergistic effect of nsP2-LVirus genes · 2018Article
- Low-fidelity Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus polymerase mutants to improve live-attenuated vaccine safety and efficacy.Virus evolution · 2018Article
- Vaccine and Therapeutic Options To Control Chikungunya Virus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2018Review
- Vaccinations for Neuroinfectious Disease: A Global Health Priority.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2016Review
- Extended Preclinical Safety, Efficacy and Stability Testing of a Live-attenuated Chikungunya Vaccine Candidate.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus variants lacking transcription inhibitory functions demonstrate highly attenuated phenotype.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Current strategic thinking for the development of a trivalent alphavirus vaccine for human use.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2014Article
- A novel live-attenuated vaccine candidate for mayaro Fever.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Chikungunya vaccine candidate is highly attenuated and protects nonhuman primates against telemetrically monitored disease following a single dose.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The live-attenuated TC-83 strain is the only licensed veterinary vaccine available to protect equids against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and to protect humans indirectly by preventing equine amplification. However, TC-83 is reactogenic due to its reliance on only two attenuating point mutations and has infected mosquitoes following equine vaccination. To increase its stability and safety, a recombinant TC-83 was previously engineered by placing the expression of the viral structural proteins under the control of the Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), which drives translation inefficiently in insect cells. However, this vaccine candidate was poorly immunogenic. Here we describe a second generation of the recombinant TC-83 in which the subgenomic promoter is maintained and only the capsid protein gene is translated from the IRES. This VEEV/IRES/C vaccine candidate did not infect mosquitoes, was stable in its attenuation phenotype after serial murine passages, and was more attenuated in newborn mice but still as protective as TC-83 against VEEV challenge. Thus, by using the IRES to modulate TC-83 capsid protein expression, we generated a vaccine candidate that combines efficient immunogenicity and efficacy with lower virulence and a reduced potential for spread in nature.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.