ArticleFrontiers in immunology2013
When Aging Reaches CD4+ T-Cells: Phenotypic and Functional Changes.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04122222 (Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in ESRD Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis vs. Hemodiafiltration), which is not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in ESRD Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis vs. Hemodiafiltration
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Immunosenescence: A systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses.Experimental gerontology · 2019Pooled it
- Nivolumab plus ipilimumab induce hyper-progression in renal medullary carcinoma: results of a phase II trial and preclinical evidence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Epigenetic aging and DNA methylation biomarker changes following ketamine treatment in patients with MDD and PTSD: a pilot study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Effects of two immunosuppression regimens on T-lymphocyte subsets in elderly kidney transplant recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Immune response to influenza vaccination in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis vs. hemodiafiltration.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Circulating CXCR5+PD-1+ response predicts influenza vaccine antibody responses in young adults but not elderly adults.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Beyond B Cell Depletion: Adhesion and Activation Network Remodeling During Repeated Intravenous Anti-CD20 Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Impact of intravitreal bevacizumab on immune cells in neovascular age related macular degeneration.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Adenosine deaminase co-immunization reverses age-associated immunosenescence by restoring germinal center T follicular helper cell function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- T cell senescence induced by DNMT1 deletion mediates cardiac transplant tolerance via altered CDKN1A methylation.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Recent research progress and clinical status of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Diagnostic utility of quantitative interferon-gamma release assays in elderly patients with tuberculosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Novel genetic variants identification and immune profiling in ataxia telangiectasia patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Respiratory virus immune response in the aged host.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Review
- Single-cell and Mendelian analyses reveal shared mechanisms between head and neck neoplasms and aging.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- CD8+ T cell aging is associated with macular neovascularization area change in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a prospective cohort study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Aging and vaccines: impact of immunosenescence and inflammaging in vaccine response.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Skeletal muscle as a dynamic immunological niche for vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Age-Associated Expansion of HIV/SIV Reservoirs in People With HIV and SIV-Infected Macaques.Aging cell · 2025Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Beyond midlife, the immune system shows aging features and its defensive capability becomes impaired, by a process known as immunosenescence that involves many changes in the innate and adaptive responses. Innate immunity seems to be better preserved globally, while the adaptive immune response exhibits profound age-dependent modifications. Elderly people display a decline in numbers of naïve T-cells in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, while, in contrast, their proportion of highly differentiated effector and memory T-cells, such as the CD28(null) T-cells, increases markedly. Naïve and memory CD4+ T-cells constitute a highly dynamic system with constant homeostatic and antigen-driven proliferation, influx, and loss of T-cells. Thymic activity dwindles with age and essentially ceases in the later decades of life, severely constraining the generation of new T-cells. Homeostatic control mechanisms are very effective at maintaining a large and diverse subset of naïve CD4+ T-cells throughout life, but although later than in CD8 + T-cell compartment, these mechanisms ultimately fail with age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.