ReviewCNS drugs2013
The long-term safety of antiepileptic drugs.
Review in CNS drugs, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebellar Degeneration in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Adjunctive Eslicarbazepine Acetate in Pediatric Patients with Focal Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.CNS drugs · 2018Pooled it
- Management of adverse effects of mood stabilizers.Current psychiatry reports · 2015Pooled it
- Article
- Natural Products in Epilepsy Treatment: From Traditional Medicine Towards Computational Drug Discovery.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Defining the Therapeutic Range of Levetiracetam for Personalized Treatment in Pediatric Epilepsy: Insights from a Large Real-World Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Demographic and Comorbidity Barriers to Therapy Revision in Epilepsy: A Population-Wide Investigation.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessing the Need for Repeat EEG in Pediatric Patients with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy After Anti-Seizure Medication Withdrawal Following Seizure Freedom.Journal of child neurology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Lacosamide in Chinese Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy: Focus on Clinical Effectiveness, Tolerability and Drug Interactions.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Antiseizure Medications: Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects in Drug Development.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- A Real-World Safety Profile in Neurological, Skin, and Sexual Disorders of Anti-Seizure Medications Using the Pharmacovigilance Database of the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS).Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Comparative safety analysis of lacosamide and perampanel in epilepsy management: insights from FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Clinical Outcome Data of Children Treated with Cannabis-Based Medicinal Products for Treatment Resistant Epilepsy-Analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry.Neuropediatrics · 2023Article
- Hippocampus RNA Sequencing of Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Rats and Upon Treatment of Novel Chemical Q808.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Social Media Analytics for Pharmacovigilance of Antiepileptic Drugs.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Drug Delivery Challenges in Brain Disorders across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Novel Methods and Future Considerations for Improved Therapy.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Deprescribing for all: a narrative review identifying inappropriate polypharmacy for all ages in hospital settings.BMJ open quality · 2021Review
- Characteristics of the patients who admitted to the emergency department with seizures and the factors affecting the frequency of admission.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2021Article
- 1,3,4, Oxadiazole Compound A3 Provides Robust Protection Against PTZ-Induced Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress by RegulatingJournal of inflammation research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used by millions of people worldwide for the treatment of epilepsy, as well as in many other neurological and psychiatric conditions. They are frequently associated with adverse effects (AEs), which have an impact on the tolerability and success of treatment. Half the people who develop intolerable AEs discontinue treatment early on after initiation, while the majority of people will continue to be exposed to their effects for long periods of time. The long-term safety of AEDs reflects their potential for chronic, cumulative dose effects; rare, but potentially serious late idiosyncratic effects; late, dose-related effects; and delayed, teratogenic or neurodevelopmental effects. These AEs can affect every body system and are usually insidious. With the exception of delayed effects, most other late or chronic AEs are reversible. To date, there is no clear evidence of a carcinogenic effect of AEDs in humans. While physicians are aware of the long-term AEs of old AEDs (the traditional liver enzyme-inducing AEDs and valproate), information about AEs of new AEDs (such as lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate or zonisamide), particularly of their teratogenic effects, has emerged over the years. Sporadic publications have raised issues about AEs of the newer AEDs eslicarbazepine, retigabine, rufinamide, lacosamide and perampanel but their long-term safety profiles may take years to be fully appreciated. Physicians should not only be aware of the late and chronic AEs of AEDs but should systematically enquire and screen for these according to the individual AED AE profile. Care should be taken for individuals with comorbid conditions that may render them more susceptible to specific AEs. Prevention and appropriate management of long-term AED AEs is expected to improve adherence to treatment, quality of life and control of epilepsy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.