Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23673246›Full record

Trial reportAmerican journal of epidemiology2013

Estimating 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from casual urinary sodium concentrations in Western populations: the INTERSALT study.

Ian J Brown, Alan R Dyer, Queenie Chan, Mary E Cogswell, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Jeremiah Stamler, Paul Elliott, INTERSALT Co-Operative Research Group

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in American journal of epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07169123 (Protease Regulation and Impact of Sodium as Mechanisms of Inflammation in IBD), which is not on this map. Cited by 171 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
171citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
13.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07169123 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Protease Regulation and Impact of Sodium as Mechanisms of Inflammation in IBD

TypeobservationalSponsorMcMaster UniversityRan2025 to 2029Enrolled300ConditionsCrohns Disease
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

171 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 297 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. K-SALT Equation for Urinary Sodium Estimation in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026
    Article
  18. Practical prediction of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in young people: a new formula derived from Tanaka and INTERSALT formulas.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
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111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ian J BrownMRC-HPACentre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
Alan R Dyer
Queenie Chan
Mary E Cogswell
Hirotsugu Ueshima
Jeremiah Stamler
Paul Elliott
INTERSALT Co-Operative Research Group
General Department of Preventive Medicine · VNImperial College London · GBMedical Research Council · GB

Funding

Department of HealthMedical Research Council G0801056Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High intakes of dietary sodium are associated with elevated blood pressure levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. National and international guidelines recommend reduced sodium intake in the general population, which necessitates population-wide surveillance. We assessed the utility of casual (spot) urine specimens in estimating 24-hour urinary sodium excretion as a marker of sodium intake in the International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure. There were 5,693 participants recruited in 1984-1987 at the ages of 20-59 years from 29 North American and European samples. Participants were randomly assigned to test or validation data sets. Equations derived from casual urinary sodium concentration and other variables in the test data were applied to the validation data set. Correlations between observed and estimated 24-hour sodium excretion were 0.50 for individual men and 0.51 for individual women; the values were 0.79 and 0.71, respectively, for population samples. Bias in mean values (observed minus estimated) was small; for men and women, the values were -1.6 mmol per 24 hours and 2.3 mmol per 24 hours, respectively, at the individual level and -1.8 mmol per 24 hours and 2.2 mmol per 24 hours, respectively, at the population level. Proportions of individuals with urinary 24-hour sodium excretion above the recommended levels were slightly overestimated by the models. Casual urine specimens may be a useful, low-burden, low-cost alternative to 24-hour urine collections for estimation of population sodium intakes; ongoing calibration with study-specific 24-hour urinary collections is recommended to increase validity.

Indexed as

AdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReference ValuesRegression AnalysisSodiumSodium, DietaryYoung AdultSodiumSodium, Dietarynutrition assessmentpopulation surveillancesodium intake

Identifiers

PMID23673246
PMCPMC3664342
OpenAlexW2059637875

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.