ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2013
Hormonal contraceptive use diminishes salivary cortisol response to psychosocial stress and naltrexone in healthy women.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- A gender-based secondary analysis of the ADAPT-2 combination naltrexone and bupropion treatment for methamphetamine use disorder trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Trial
- Neurobiobehavioral responses to virtual social rejection in females-exploring the influence of oxytocin.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2021Trial
- Dose-related effects of delta-9-THC on emotional responses to acute psychosocial stress.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Sex differences in acute hormonal and subjective response to naltrexone: The impact of menstrual cycle phase.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2015Trial
- Hormonal contraceptives impair psychomotor vigilance task performance under sleep deprivation with stress induction.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Relationship between biological sex and the endocrine stress response following a binge-like dose of alcohol.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Affective Disorders: An Updated Review.Open access journal of contraception · 2025Review
- The link between daily affective complexity and anxiety is altered by oral contraceptive use.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Stress Susceptibility as a Key Mechanism Underlying Depression Risk.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- Hormonal contraceptive use is associated with differences in women's inflammatory and psychological reactivity to an acute social stressor.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Examining the relation between oral contraceptive use and attentional engagement in everyday life.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Correlation among Routinary Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and Chronic Neck Pain Severity in Office Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The Allopregnanolone Response to Acute Stress in Females: Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Estradiol, stress reactivity, and daily affective experiences in trauma-exposed women.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2022Article
- Stress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral ContraceptivesFrontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- A systematic review of the Trier Social Stress Test methodology: Issues in promoting study comparison and replicable research.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Review
- A novel theory on the predictive value of variation in the β-endorphin system on the risk and severity of PTSD.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2020Review
- Cortisol stress reactivity in women, diurnal variations, and hormonal contraceptives: studies from the Family Health Patterns Project.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Blunted stress reactivity reveals vulnerability to early life adversity in young adults with a family history of alcoholism.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The use of hormonal contraception (HC) may affect salivary cortisol levels at rest and in response to a pharmacological or stress challenge. Therefore, the current study used a secondary data analysis to investigate the effect of HC on salivary cortisol levels in response to the mu-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone and a psychosocial stressor, and also across the diurnal curve. Two hundred and nine women (n=72 using hormonal contraception; HC+) completed a two-session stress response study that consisted of a stress day, in which they were exposed to public speaking and mental arithmetic, and a rest day, in which unstimulated cortisol levels were measured to assess the diurnal rhythm. A subset of seventy women (n=24 HC+) also completed a second study in which they were administered oral naltrexone (50mg) or placebo in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind fashion. Women who were HC+ had a significantly reduced salivary cortisol response to both the psychosocial stressor (p<0.001) and naltrexone (p<0.05) compared to HC- women. Additionally, HC+ women had a significantly altered morning diurnal cortisol rhythm (p<0.01), with a delayed peak and higher overall levels. The results of the current study confirm that HC attenuates salivary cortisol response to a psychosocial stressor and mu-opioid receptor antagonism, and also alters the morning diurnal cortisol curve.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.