ArticlePloS one2013
Flight and walking in locusts-cholinergic co-activation, temporal coupling and its modulation by biogenic amines.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibitory circuit motifs in Drosophila larvae generate motor program diversity and variability.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent rhythm-generating modules in theJournal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- From Motor-Output to Connectivity: An In-Depth Study ofFrontiers in insect science · 2021Article
- Article
- On the Role of the Head Ganglia in Posture and Walking in Insects.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
- Feedforward discharges couple the singing central pattern generator and ventilation central pattern generator in the cricket abdominal central nervous system.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2019Article
- How Tyramine β-Hydroxylase Controls the Production of Octopamine, Modulating the Mobility of Beetles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Octopaminergic innervation and a neurohaemal release site in the antennal heart of the locust Schistocerca gregaria.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2018Article
- Structural and Molecular Properties of Insect Type II Motor Axon Terminals.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2018Article
- Tyramine Actions onFrontiers in systems neuroscience · 2017Article
- Endogenous rhythm and pattern-generating circuit interactions in cockroach motor centres.Biology open · 2016Article
- Rigidity and Flexibility: The Central Basis of Inter-Leg Coordination in the Locust.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2016Article
- Sensory feedback in cockroach locomotion: current knowledge and open questions.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2015Review
- Releasing stimuli and aggression in crickets: octopamine promotes escalation and maintenance but not initiation.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2015Article
- Serotonergic neurons of the Drosophila air-puff-stimulated flight circuit.Journal of biosciences · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Walking and flying in locusts are exemplary rhythmical behaviors generated by central pattern generators (CPG) that are tuned in intact animals by phasic sensory inputs. Although these two behaviors are mutually exclusive and controlled by independent CPGs, leg movements during flight can be coupled to the flight rhythm. To investigate potential central coupling between the underlying CPGs, we used the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine and the amines octopamine and tyramine to initiate fictive flight and walking in deafferented locust preparations. Our data illustrate that fictive walking is readily evoked by comparatively lower concentrations of pilocarpine, whereas higher concentrations are required to elicit fictive flight. Interestingly, fictive flight did not suppress fictive walking so that the two patterns were produced simultaneously. Frequently, leg motor units were temporally coupled to the flight rhythm, so that each spike in a step cycle volley occurred synchronously with wing motor units firing at flight rhythm frequency. Similarly, tyramine also induced fictive walking and flight, but mostly without any coupling between the two rhythms. Octopamine in contrast readily evoked fictive flight but generally failed to elicit fictive walking. Despite this, numerous leg motor units were recruited, whereby each was temporarily coupled to the flight rhythm. Our results support the notion that the CPGs for walking and flight are largely independent, but that coupling can be entrained by aminergic modulation. We speculate that octopamine biases the whole motor machinery of a locust to flight whereas tyramine primarily promotes walking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.