ArticleEndocrinology2013
Insulin and IGF-I inhibit GH synthesis and release in vitro and in vivo by separate mechanisms.
Article in Endocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of time-restricted eating with exercise on body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- New insights on the cardiovascular effects of IGF-1.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Central Nervous Insulin Signaling in Sleep-Associated Memory Formation and Neuroendocrine Regulation.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Beyond insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) normalization: portal insulin and hepatic growth hormone (GH) sensitivity across metabolic disease.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- To test or not to test: what we have learnt from 50 years of dynamic testing in acromegaly.Pituitary · 2026Review
- Comparison of oral versus intravenous glucose exposure on plasma growth hormone levels: a crossover study in healthy volunteers.Pituitary · 2026Article
- Proteoformics-driven new concept of human growth hormone in clinical endocrinology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Impact of Nutrition on Somatotroph Axis: A Potential Role in Acromegaly and Its Cardiovascular Risk?Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- Update on regulation of GHRH and its actions on GH secretion in health and disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Central and peripheral regulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis: GHRH and beyond.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- From pituitary cells to prostate gland in health and disease: direct and indirect endocrine connections.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- The Fascinating Interplay between Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Insulin.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis in health and disease states: an update on the role of intra-portal insulin.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Diagnosis and testing for growth hormone deficiency across the ages: a global view of the accuracy, caveats, and cut-offs for diagnosis.Endocrine connections · 2023Review
- Important Hormones Regulating Lipid Metabolism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Prepuberal insulin secretory indices are long-term predictors of short adult stature in cystic fibrosis.Endocrine connections · 2022Article
- The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) in the Control of Neuroendocrine Regulation of Growth.Cells · 2021Review
- Review
- Hyperinsulinemia and Its Pivotal Role in Aging, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Regulation of GH and GH Signaling by Nutrients.Cells · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
IGF-I is considered a primary inhibitor of GH secretion. Insulin may also play an important role in regulating GH levels because insulin, like IGF-I, can suppress GH synthesis and release in primary pituitary cell cultures and insulin is negatively correlated with GH levels in vivo. However, understanding the relative contribution insulin and IGF-I exert on controlling GH secretion has been hampered by the fact that circulating insulin and IGF-I are regulated in parallel and insulin (INSR) and IGF-I (IGFIR) receptors are structurally/functionally related and ubiquitously expressed. To evaluate the separate roles of insulin and IGF-I in directly regulating GH secretion, we used the Cre/loxP system to knock down the INSR and IGFIR in primary mouse pituitary cell cultures and found insulin-mediated suppression of GH is independent of the IGFIR. In addition, pharmacological blockade of intracellular signals in both mouse and baboon cultures revealed insulin requires different pathways from IGF-I to exert a maximal inhibitory effect on GH expression/release. In vivo, somatotrope-specific knockout of INSR (SIRKO) or IGFIR (SIGFRKO) increased GH levels. However, comparison of the pattern of GH release, GH expression, somatotrope morphometry, and pituitary explant sensitivity to acute GHRH challenge in lean SIRKO and SIGFRKO mice strongly suggests the primary role of insulin in vivo is to suppress GH release, whereas IGF-I serves to regulate GH synthesis. Finally, SIRKO and/or SIGFRKO could not prevent high-fat, diet-induced suppression of pituitary GH expression, indicating other factors/tissues are involved in the decline of GH observed with weight gain.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.