ArticleCarcinogenesis2013
(S)-N'-Nitrosonornicotine, a constituent of smokeless tobacco, is a powerful oral cavity carcinogen in rats.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of interleukin-18 polymorphisms -607A/C and -137G/C on oral cancer occurrence and clinical progression.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Article
- Nicotine pouches, oral cancer and tobacco harm reduction: current evidence and research priorities.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- E-Cigarette effects on oral health: A molecular perspective.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2025Review
- [Prospects of Smoking Hazards Research Using Lung Organoid].Jugan geon-gang gwa jilbyeong · 2025Review
- Decoding Oral Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression in Whole Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- An update on the formation in tobacco, toxicity and carcinogenicity of N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.Carcinogenesis · 2024Review
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Profiling of Urinary Metabolites ofChemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Metabolism and DNA Adduct Formation of Tobacco-SpecificInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- Investigation of 2'-Deoxyadenosine-Derived Adducts Specifically Formed in Rat Liver and Lung DNA byChemical research in toxicology · 2021Article
- Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites in Tissue DNA of Rats Exposed to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines and in Lung and Leukocyte DNA of Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Nanoelectrospray Ionization-High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Acrolein-DNA Adducts and Etheno-DNA Adducts in Oral Cells from Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Smoke-Free Spaces by Smokers: Results from the 2014-2015 Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Comparison of tobacco-specific nitrosamine levels in smokeless tobacco products: High levels in products from Bangladesh.PloS one · 2020Article
- Oral Health Effects of Combusted and Smokeless Tobacco Products.Advances in dental research · 2019Review
- Effects of the Tobacco CarcinogensChemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- Article
- Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of Pyridyloxobutyl DNA Phosphate Adducts in Rats Chronically Treated with N'-Nitrosonornicotine.Chemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- Metabolic Activation and Carcinogenesis of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN): A Density Function Theory and Molecular Docking Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Currently, smokeless tobacco products are being proposed as an alternative mode of tobacco use associated with less harm. All of these products contain the tobacco-specific carcinogen N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). The major form of NNN in tobacco products is (S)-NNN, shown in this study to induce a total of 89 benign and malignant oral cavity tumors in a group of 20 male F-344 rats treated chronically with 14 p.p.m. in the drinking water. The opposite enantiomer (R)-NNN was weakly active, but synergistically enhanced the carcinogenicity of (S)-NNN. Thus, (S)-NNN is identified for the first time as a strong oral cavity carcinogen in smokeless tobacco products and should be significantly reduced or removed from these products without delay in order to prevent debilitating and deadly oral cavity cancer in people who use them.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.