ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology2013
Chlorine induces the unfolded protein response in murine lungs and skin.
Article in American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lethality is local, but survival is systemic: Temporal and multi-organ responses to chlorine gas exposure in a murine model.Current research in toxicology · 2026Article
- A rare case of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to chlorine gas inhalation: Rapid progression with favorable ICU outcome.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2025Article
- Investigation on the effectiveness of ventilation dilution on mitigating COVID-19 patients' secondary airway damage due to exposure to disinfectants.Building and environment · 2023Article
- Halogen-Induced Chemical Injury to the Mammalian Cardiopulmonary Systems.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- ATF4 Mediates Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Alveolar Epithelial Cells.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2020Article
- Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional Mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases.Redox biology · 2020Review
- Phosgene inhalation causes hemolysis and acute lung injury.Toxicology letters · 2019Article
- Heme scavenging reduces pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress, fibrosis, and emphysema.JCI insight · 2018Observational
- Halogen Inhalation-Induced Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Chinese medical journal · 2018Review
- An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Chemical Inhalational Disasters. Biology of Lung Injury, Development of Novel Therapeutics, and Medical Preparedness.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2017Article
- Nitrite therapy prevents chlorine gas toxicity in rabbits.Toxicology letters · 2017Article
- Pulmonary Iron Homeostasis in Hepcidin Knockout Mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- Formation of chlorinated lipids post-chlorine gas exposure.Journal of lipid research · 2016Article
- Chlorine-induced cardiopulmonary injury.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2016Review
- Nitrite therapy improves survival postexposure to chlorine gas.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chlorine (Cl2) is an important industrial chemical. Accidental full body exposure to Cl2 poses an environmental, occupational, and public health hazard characterized mainly by injury to the lung, skin, and ocular epithelia. The cellular mechanisms underlying its acute toxicity are incompletely understood. This study examined whether whole body exposure of BALB/c mice to Cl2 in environmental chambers leads to the up-regulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in their lungs and skin. Shaved BALB/c mice were exposed to a sublethal concentration of Cl2 (400 ppm for 30 min) and returned to room air for 1 or 6 hours and killed. IL-6 and TNF-α were increased significantly at 1 and 6 hours after Cl2 exposure in the lungs and at 6 hours in the skin. These changes were accompanied by increased UPR signaling (i.e., activation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α, and activating transcription factor 6α) at these time points. The expression of hepcidin, which regulates tissue accumulation and mobilization of iron, was increased in the skin and lungs of Cl2-exposed mice. The data shown herein indicate for the first time the up-regulation of UPR signaling and hepcidin in the skin and lungs of Cl2-exposed mice, which persisted when the mice were returned to room air for 6 hours.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.