ArticlePloS one2013
Fusion of CCL21 non-migratory active breast epithelial and breast cancer cells give rise to CCL21 migratory active tumor hybrid cell lines.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cyclosporine as a Novel Therapeutic Option for Eosinophilic Cystitis in a Paraplegic Dog.Case reports in veterinary medicine · 2026Article
- How Do Cancer Cells Fuse and Why?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Altered Phenotypes of Breast Epithelial × Breast Cancer Hybrids after ZEB1 Knock-Out.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Generation of Cancer Stem/Initiating Cells by Cell-Cell Fusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Hybrid/Atypical Forms of Circulating Tumor Cells: Current State of the Art.Biochemistry. Biokhimiia · 2022Review
- Circulating Tumor-Macrophage Fusion Cells and Circulating Tumor Cells Complement Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Screening in Patients With Suspicious Lung-RADS 4 Nodules.JCO precision oncology · 2022Article
- The Multi-Functional Roles of CCR7 in Human Immunology and as a Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer Therapeutics.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Cell Fusion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Breast Cancer Cells Leads to the Formation of Hybrid Cells Exhibiting Diverse and Individual (Stem Cell) Characteristics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus K in Cancer: A Potential Biomarker and Immunotherapeutic Target.Viruses · 2020Review
- Tumor-Cell-Macrophage Fusion Cells as Liquid Biomarkers and Tumor Enhancers in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cell Fusion.BioMed research international · 2019Review
- HERV Envelope Proteins: Physiological Role and Pathogenic Potential in Cancer and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Cancer Cell Fusion: Mechanisms Slowly Unravel.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Hybrid Cells Derived from Human Breast Cancer Cells and Human Breast Epithelial Cells Exhibit Differential TLR4 and TLR9 Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Single-cell RNA-seq reveals activation of unique gene groups as a consequence of stem cell-parenchymal cell fusion.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Promotes Apoptosis in Human Breast Epithelial × Breast Cancer Hybrids, but Not in Parental Cells.PloS one · 2016Article
- COPD promotes migration of A549 lung cancer cells: the role of chemokine CCL21.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2016Article
- Tissue Regeneration in the Chronically Inflamed Tumor Environment: Implications for Cell Fusion Driven Tumor Progression and Therapy Resistant Tumor Hybrid Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The biological phenomenon of cell fusion has been linked to tumor progression because several data provided evidence that fusion of tumor cells and normal cells gave rise to hybrid cell lines exhibiting novel properties, such as increased metastatogenic capacity and an enhanced drug resistance. Here we investigated M13HS hybrid cell lines, derived from spontaneous fusion events between M13SV1-EGFP-Neo breast epithelial cells exhibiting stem cell characteristics and HS578T-Hyg breast cancer cells, concerning CCL21/CCR7 signaling. Western Blot analysis showed that all cell lines varied in their CCR7 expression levels as well as differed in the induction and kinetics of CCR7 specific signal transduction cascades. Flow cytometry-based calcium measurements revealed that a CCL21 induced calcium influx was solely detected in M13HS hybrid cell lines. Cell migration demonstrated that only M13HS hybrid cell lines, but not parental derivatives, responded to CCL21 stimulation with an increased migratory activity. Knockdown of CCR7 expression by siRNA completely abrogated the CCL21 induced migration of hybrid cell lines indicating the necessity of CCL21/CCR7 signaling. Because the CCL21/CCR7 axis has been linked to metastatic spreading of breast cancer to lymph nodes we conclude from our data that cell fusion could be a mechanism explaining the origin of metastatic cancer (hybrid) cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.