ArticlePrimates; journal of primatology2013
Food washing and placer mining in captive great apes.
Article in Primates; journal of primatology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- EVApeCognition: An 18-Year Dataset of Great Ape Cognition.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Prey-soaking behavior in Iberian lynx.Ecology · 2026Article
- Innovative flavoring behavior in Goffin's cockatoos.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Dunking rusk: innovative food soaking behaviour in Goffin's cockatoos (Biology letters · 2023Article
- Macrowear effects of external quartz abrasives of different size and concentration in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2022Article
- Grit your teeth and chew your food: Implications of food material properties and abrasives for rates of dental microwear formation in laboratoryPalaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology · 2021Article
- Review
- Divergent strategies in faeces avoidance between two cercopithecoid primates.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
- The zone of latent solutions and its relevance to understanding ape cultures.Biology & philosophy · 2020Article
- Innovative problem solving in great apes: the role of visual feedback in the floating peanut task.Animal cognition · 2019Article
- Naive, captive long-tailed macaques (Royal Society open science · 2018Article
- Avoidance of biological contaminants through sight, smell and touch in chimpanzees.Royal Society open science · 2017Article
- Article
- Spontaneous reoccurrence of "scooping", a wild tool-use behaviour, in naïve chimpanzees.PeerJ · 2017Article
- Hygienic tendencies correlate with low geohelminth infection in free-ranging macaques.Biology letters · 2015Article
- Gorilla mothers also matter! New insights on social transmission in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in captivity.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sweet potato washing and wheat placer mining in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) are among the most well known examples of local traditions in non-human animals. The functions of these behaviors and the mechanisms of acquisition and spread of these behaviors have been debated frequently. Prompted by animal caretaker reports that great apes [chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo abelii)] at Leipzig Zoo occasionally wash their food, we conducted a study of food washing behaviors that consisted of two parts. In the first part we assessed the current distribution of the behavior on the basis of caretaker reports. In the second (experimental) part, we provided subjects individually with a water basin and two types of food (apples and cereal) that was either clean or covered/mixed with sand. We found that subjects of all species (except gorillas) placed apples in the water before consumption, and that they did so more often when the apples were dirty than when they were clean. Several chimpanzees and orangutans also engaged in behaviors resembling wheat placer mining.
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