ArticleAIDS (London, England)2013
HIV-1 outcompetes HIV-2 in dually infected Senegalese individuals with low CD4⁺ cell counts.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment outcomes and characteristics of HIV-2 patients compared to HIV-1 patients on an NNRTI-based first line art at the adult infectious diseases centre of the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Detection and differentiation of HIV-2 using the point-of-care Alere q HIV-1/2 Detect nucleic acid test.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2017Article
- Importance of an Early HIV Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay for Detection of Dual Infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2.PloS one · 2016Article
- In vitro activity of dolutegravir against wild-type and integrase inhibitor-resistant HIV-2.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2, which is not uncommon in West Africa, has implications for transmission, progression, and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Few studies have examined viral dynamics in this setting. Our objective was to directly compare HIV-1 and HIV-2 viral loads and to examine whether this relationship is associated with CD4⁺ cell count. STUDY
designThis is a retrospective analysis of data from observational cohort studies.
methodsWe compared HIV-1 and HIV-2 viral loads from 65 dually infected, ART-naive Senegalese individuals. Participants provided blood, oral fluid, and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) or semen samples for virologic and immunologic testing. We assessed relationships between HIV-1 and HIV-2 levels using linear regression with generalized estimating equations to account for multiple study visits.
resultsAfter adjusting for CD4⁺ cell count, age, sex, and commercial sex work, HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly higher than HIV-2 levels in semen, CVL, and oral fluids. Despite similar peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA levels among individuals with CD4⁺ cell counts above 500 cells/μl, individuals with CD4⁺ cell counts below 500 cells/μl had higher HIV-1 and lower HIV-2 DNA levels. Individuals with high CD4⁺ cell counts had higher mean HIV-1 plasma RNA viral loads than HIV-2, with HIV-1 levels significantly higher and HIV-2 levels trending toward lower mean viral loads among individuals with low CD4⁺ cell counts.
conclusionOur data are consistent with the hypothesis that with disease progression, HIV-1 outcompetes HIV-2 in dually infected individuals. This finding helps explain differences in prevalence and outcomes between HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-dual infection.
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