ArticleJournal of the American College of Surgeons2013
Health disparities analysis of critically ill pediatric trauma patients in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Article in Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of disparities on intensive care outcomes in children with respiratory diseases: A systematic review.Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Pooled it
- Disparities in Adult and Pediatric Trauma Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.World journal of surgery · 2020Pooled it
- The Cost of Inequity: Financial Burden of Neighborhood Disparities in Pediatric Critical Care Use.CHEST critical care · 2026Article
- Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Insurance Type on In-hospital Mortality in Children with Traumatic Injury.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Health Disparities in the Management and Outcomes of Critically Ill Children and Neonates: A Scoping Review.Critical care clinics · 2024Article
- Child Opportunity Index and Hospital Utilization in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury Admitted to the PICU.Critical care explorations · 2023Article
- Disparities Associated with Sepsis Mortality in Critically Ill Children.Journal of pediatric intensive care · 2022Article
- Health disparities of critically ill children according to poverty: the Korean population-based retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Neighborhood Poverty and Pediatric Intensive Care Use.Pediatrics · 2019Article
- Pediatric and adult trauma centers differ in evaluation, treatment, and outcomes for severely injured adolescents.Journal of pediatric surgery · 2016Article
- Socioeconomic Status and Hospitalization Costs for Children with Brain and Spinal Cord Injury.The Journal of pediatrics · 2016Article
- Patient- and Community-Level Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Emergency Department Visits for Childhood Injury.The Journal of pediatrics · 2015Article
- Census-based socioeconomic indicators for monitoring injury causes in the USA: a review.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInjury is the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the US. The associated costs exceed $20 billion annually. This study examined disparities in disadvantaged populations of critically injured pediatric patients admitted to a level 1 pediatric trauma center. STUDY
designA retrospective study was conducted of all trauma patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a level 1 pediatric trauma hospital from 2005 to 2009.
resultsData on 324 patients were analyzed; 45% of patients were Caucasian, 33% were African American, 12% were Hispanic, and 10% were other. There was no difference in age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), or Injury Severity Score (ISS) across ethnic groups. The mortality rate was 12%. A higher percentage of Caucasians were commercially insured and from the highest income quartile than non-Caucasians (p < 0.001). African Americans had the highest rate of penetrating trauma and intentional injury compared with other ethnicities (p < 0.001). Nearly 75% of firearm injuries were clustered in 7 ZIP codes with the lowest median household incomes. The home was the most common location for firearm injuries. Children involved in assaults were more likely to have a single parent (67%) than 2 parents (26%, p < 0.001). Both ethnicity and payer status were significantly associated with mortality.
conclusionsSignificant disparities in socioeconomic status exist in severely injured pediatric patients treated in the PICU. Disparities were associated with adverse outcomes. These results should inform community and public health efforts to identify the areas and populations at highest risk for violence-related injuries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.