SynthesisSystematic reviews2013
Environmental interventions to reduce fear of crime: systematic review of effectiveness.
Synthesis in Systematic reviews, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of pay-for-performance for primary care physicians on diabetes outcomes in single-payer health systems: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2019Pooled it
- Group-based microfinance for collective empowerment: a systematic review of health impacts.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2016Pooled it
- The Association Between Fear of Crime, Life Satisfaction, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Victimized Older Adults Aged 60-93 Years-Findings from the Swedish Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS) Population Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Investigating the relationship between public community landscape space and older adults' health using structural equation modeling.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Improving the precision of maternal, newborn, and child health impact through geospatial analysis of the association of contextual and programmatic factors with health trends in Bihar, India.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- The Use of Urban Parks by Older Adults in the Context of Perceived Security.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- A multi-scalar perspective on health and urban housing: an umbrella review.Buildings & cities · 2021Article
- Developing a model of perceptions of security and insecurity in the context of crime.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2020Article
- Article
- Healthy Design and Urban Planning Strategies, Actions, and Policy to Achieve Salutogenic Cities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Neighborhood Perceptions and Cumulative Impacts of Low Level Chronic Exposure to Fine Particular Matter (PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Are area-based initiatives able to improve area safety in deprived areas? A quasi-experimental evaluation of the Dutch District Approach.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Neighborhood epidemiological monitoring and adult mental health: European Quality of Life Survey, 2007-2012.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2015Article
- Building a reliable measure for unobtrusive observations of street-connecting pedestrian walkways.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2014Article
- Physical activity mediates the relationship between perceived crime safety and obesity.Preventive medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFear of crime is associated with negative health and wellbeing outcomes, and may mediate some impacts of the built environment on public health. A range of environmental interventions have been hypothesized to reduce the fear of crime.
methodsThis review aimed to synthesize the literature on the effectiveness of interventions in the built environment to reduce the fear of crime. Systematic review methodology, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance, was used. Studies of environmental interventions which reported a fear of crime outcome and used any prospective evaluation design (randomized controlled trial (RCT), trial or uncontrolled before-and-after study) were included. Eighteen databases were searched. The Hamilton tool was used to assess quality. A narrative synthesis of findings was undertaken.
resultsA total of 47 studies were included, 22 controlled and 25 uncontrolled, with total sample sizes ranging from n = 52 to approximately n = 23,000. Thirty-six studies were conducted in the UK, ten studies in the USA and one study in the Netherlands. The quality of the evidence overall is low. There are some indications that home security improvements and non-crime-related environmental improvements may be effective for some fear of crime outcomes. There is little evidence that the following reduce fear of crime: street lighting improvements, closed-circuit television (CCTV), multi-component environmental crime prevention programs or regeneration programs.
conclusionsThere is some evidence for the effectiveness of specific environmental interventions in reducing some indicators of fear of crime, but more attention to the context and possible confounders is needed in future evaluations of complex social interventions such as these.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.