Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23663246›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2013

Genome of the long-living sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.).

Ray Ming, Robert VanBuren, Yanling Liu, Mei Yang, Yuepeng Han, Lei-Ting Li, Qiong Zhang, Min-Jeong Kim, Michael C Schatz, Michael Campbell and 61 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 191 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
191citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

191 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Overexpression of LotusPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
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  5. The genetic and developmental enigma of rhizomes: crucial traits with limited understanding.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026
    Review
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  11. Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Phyllanthus emblica L. 'Yingyu'.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2025
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131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

71 authors.

Ray Ming
Robert VanBuren
Yanling Liu
Mei Yang
Yuepeng Han
Lei-Ting Li
Qiong Zhang
Min-Jeong Kim
Michael C Schatz
Michael Campbell
Jingping Li
John E Bowers
Haibao Tang
Eric Lyons
Ann A Ferguson
Giuseppe Narzisi
David R Nelson
Crysten E Blaby-Haas
Andrea R Gschwend
Yuannian Jiao
Joshua P Der
Fanchang Zeng
Jennifer Han
Xiang Jia Min
Karen A Hudson
Ratnesh Singh
Aleel K Grennan
Steven J Karpowicz
Jennifer R Watling
Kikukatsu Ito
Sharon A Robinson
Matthew E Hudson
Qingyi Yu
Todd C Mockler
Andrew Carroll
Yun Zheng
Ramanjulu Sunkar
Ruizong Jia
Nancy Chen
Jie Arro
Ching Man Wai
Eric Wafula
Ashley Spence
Yanni Han
Liming Xu
Jisen Zhang
Rhiannon Peery
Miranda J Haus
Wenwei Xiong
James A Walsh
Jun Wu
Ming-Li Wang
Yun J Zhu
Robert E Paull
Anne B Britt
Chunguang Du
Stephen R Downie
Mary A Schuler
Todd P Michael
Steve P Long
Donald R Ort
J William Schopf
David R Gang
Ning Jiang
Mark Yandell
Claude W dePamphilis
Sabeeha S Merchant
Andrew H Paterson
Bob B Buchanan
Shaohua Li
Jane Shen-Miller

Funding

Computational Methods for Genome Assembly, Transcript Assembly, and Variant DiscoveryR01HG006677 · NHGRI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SALZBERG, STEVEN L. · 2011 to 2025
$10.7M
Nutritional Copper Signaling and HomeostasisR37GM042143 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MERCHANT, SABEEHA · 2011 to 2020
$4.3M
Dissection of the Molecular Details of Fe Deficiency AcclimationF32GM100753 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BLABY, CRYSTEN ELIZABETH · 2012 to 2014
$156k
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006677NIGMS NIH HHS F32 GM100753NIGMS NIH HHS R37 GM042143
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSacred lotus is a basal eudicot with agricultural, medicinal, cultural and religious importance. It was domesticated in Asia about 7,000 years ago, and cultivated for its rhizomes and seeds as a food crop. It is particularly noted for its 1,300-year seed longevity and exceptional water repellency, known as the lotus effect. The latter property is due to the nanoscopic closely packed protuberances of its self-cleaning leaf surface, which have been adapted for the manufacture of a self-cleaning industrial paint, Lotusan.

resultsThe genome of the China Antique variety of the sacred lotus was sequenced with Illumina and 454 technologies, at respective depths of 101× and 5.2×. The final assembly has a contig N50 of 38.8 kbp and a scaffold N50 of 3.4 Mbp, and covers 86.5% of the estimated 929 Mbp total genome size. The genome notably lacks the paleo-triplication observed in other eudicots, but reveals a lineage-specific duplication. The genome has evidence of slow evolution, with a 30% slower nucleotide mutation rate than observed in grape. Comparisons of the available sequenced genomes suggest a minimum gene set for vascular plants of 4,223 genes. Strikingly, the sacred lotus has 16 COG2132 multi-copper oxidase family proteins with root-specific expression; these are involved in root meristem phosphate starvation, reflecting adaptation to limited nutrient availability in an aquatic environment.

conclusionsThe slow nucleotide substitution rate makes the sacred lotus a better resource than the current standard, grape, for reconstructing the pan-eudicot genome, and should therefore accelerate comparative analysis between eudicots and monocots.

Indexed as

Genome, PlantAdaptation, BiologicalAmino Acid SubstitutionEvolution, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataMutation RateNelumboPhylogenyVitis

Identifiers

PMID23663246
PMCPMC4053705

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.