ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
Exosomes derived from HIV-1-infected cells contain trans-activation response element RNA.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 215 papers.
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Who cites it
215 citing papers in PubMed, 309 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protocol for quantifying miRNA trafficking across the endosomal membrane.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Efficient On-Chip Separation and Labeling of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Blood.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Immune non-response despite effective antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV: A review of potential mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Role of extracellular vesicles derived from HIV-infected T cells and microglial cells in neuroinflammation and neuropathogenesis using a blood-brain barrier and cerebral organoid co-culture model.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Review
- Nanoparticles in HIV treatment for improved drug delivery, clinical translation, and future direction.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Characterization of HIV-1 Particles Co-Purified With Three Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes From the Raji CD4 DCIR Cell Line, a Hybrid Model of CD4 T Cells and Dendritic Cells.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 RNA in Large and Small Plasma Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Parameter for Monitoring Immune Activation and Virological Failure.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- A novel aptamer-based dNTP assay reveals that intact HIV virions are highly stable and do not contain enough dNTPs to support DNA synthesis.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- CD20-bearing extracellular vesicles are associated with prognostic biomarkers of patients with AIDS-NHL.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Precision exosome engineering for neurological therapeutics: molecular mechanisms and targeted strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- An Emphasis on the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Viral Gene Expression, Pathogenesis, and Innate Immunity in Viral Chicken Diseases.Non-coding RNA · 2025Review
- Review
- Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Orchestrators of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Infections.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in viral transmission and immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Advances in Exosomes in Oncogenic Virus.Health science reports · 2024Article
- DF-1-Derived exosomes mediate transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus and resist REV-specific antibodies.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicle isolation methods identify distinct HIV-1 particles released from chronically infected T-cells.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pandemic Viral Infections.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- HIV-1 RNA in extracellular vesicles is associated with neurocognitive outcomes.Nature communications · 2024Article
155 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles produced by healthy and virus-infected cells. Exosomes derived from infected cells have been shown to contain viral microRNAs (miRNAs). HIV-1 encodes its own miRNAs that regulate viral and host gene expression. The most abundant HIV-1-derived miRNA, first reported by us and later by others using deep sequencing, is the trans-activation response element (TAR) miRNA. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of TAR RNA in exosomes from cell culture supernatants of HIV-1-infected cells and patient sera. TAR miRNA was not in Ago2 complexes outside the exosomes but enclosed within the exosomes. We detected the host miRNA machinery proteins Dicer and Drosha in exosomes from infected cells. We report that transport of TAR RNA from the nucleus into exosomes is a CRM1 (chromosome region maintenance 1)-dependent active process. Prior exposure of naive cells to exosomes from infected cells increased susceptibility of the recipient cells to HIV-1 infection. Exosomal TAR RNA down-regulated apoptosis by lowering Bim and Cdk9 proteins in recipient cells. We found 10(4)-10(6) copies/ml TAR RNA in exosomes derived from infected culture supernatants and 10(3) copies/ml TAR RNA in the serum exosomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated patients or long term nonprogressors. Taken together, our experiments demonstrated that HIV-1-infected cells produced exosomes that are uniquely characterized by their proteomic and RNA profiles that may contribute to disease pathology in AIDS.
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