ArticlePloS one2013
Associations of PON1 and genetic ancestry with obesity in early childhood.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic Insights into Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review of Protein Biomarkers and Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels and Serum Paraoxonase 1 Protein Levels in Obese Children: A Case-Control Study.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- A Case-Control Study Supports Genetic Contribution of theAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A targeted multi-omics approach reveals paraoxonase-1 as a determinant of obesity-associated fatty liver disease.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Article
- Crosstalk Between Adipokines and Paraoxonase 1: A New Potential Axis Linking Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Nod2 and Nod2-regulated microbiota protect BALB/c mice from diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Persistent DNA methylation changes associated with prenatal mercury exposure and cognitive performance during childhood.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Genome-wide methylation data mirror ancestry information.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2017Article
- Interaction between prenatal pesticide exposure and a common polymorphism in theClinical epigenetics · 2017Article
- Genetic ancestry as an effect modifier of naltrexone in smoking cessation among African Americans: an analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Pharmacogenetics and genomics · 2015Article
- Relationship between expression and methylation of obesity-related genes in children.Mutagenesis · 2015Article
- Recent progress in the genetics and epigenetics of paraoxonase: why it is relevant to children's environmental health.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2015Review
- Genetic diversity of disease-associated loci in Turkish population.Journal of human genetics · 2015Article
- Blood inorganic mercury is directly associated with glucose levels in the human population and may be linked to processed food intake.Integrative molecular medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity in children has become an epidemic in the U.S. and is particularly prominent in minority populations such as Mexican-Americans. In addition to physical activity and diet, genetics also plays a role in obesity etiology. A few studies in adults and adolescents suggest a link between obesity and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a multifunctional enzyme that can metabolize organophosphate pesticides and also has antioxidant properties. We determined PON1192 genotype and arylesterase levels (ARYase, measure of PON1 enzyme quantity), to characterize the relationship between PON1 and obesity in young Mexican-American children (n = 373) living in an agricultural community in California. Since PON1 polymorphisms and obesity both vary between ethnic groups, we estimated proportional genetic ancestry using 106 ancestral informative markers (AIMs). Among children, PON1192 allele frequencies were 0.5 for both alleles, and the prevalence of obesity was high (15% and 33% at ages two and five, respectively). The average proportion of European, African, and Native American ancestry was 0.40, 0.09, and 0.51, yet there was wide inter-individual variation. We found a significantly higher odds of obesity (9.3 and 2.5- fold) in PON1192QQ children compared to PON1192RR children at ages two and five, respectively. Similar relationships were seen with BMI Z-scores at age two and waist circumference at age five. After adjusting for genetic ancestry in models of PON1 and BMI Z-score, effect estimates for PON1192 genotype changed 15% and 9% among two and five year old children, respectively, providing evidence of genetic confounding by population stratification. However even after adjustment for genetic ancestry, the trend of increased BMI Z-scores with increased number of PON1192 Q alleles remained. Our findings suggest that PON1 may play a role in obesity independent of genetic ancestry and that studies of PON1 and health outcomes, especially in admixed populations, should account for differences due to population stratification.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.