ArticlePloS one2013
On the origins of signal variance in FMRI of the human midbrain at high field.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial evolution in temporal dynamics of hemodynamic response function in human superior colliculi with ultra-high-resolution MRI at 9.4T.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Processing of natural scenes in the human pulvinar.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Reinforcement learning with associative or discriminative generalization across states and actions: fMRI at 3 T and 7 T.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Diagnostic Ability of Radiofrequency Ultrasound in Parkinson's Disease Compared to Conventional Transcranial Sonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Visualizing the Human Subcortex Using Ultra-high Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Brain topography · 2018Review
- Distinct prediction errors in mesostriatal circuits of the human brain mediate learning about the values of both states and actions: evidence from high-resolution fMRI.PLoS computational biology · 2017Article
- Comparing functional MRI protocols for small, iron-rich basal ganglia nuclei such as the subthalamic nucleus at 7 T and 3 T.Human brain mapping · 2017Article
- Towards a mechanistic understanding of the human subcortex.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2016Review
- Sensitivity of the resting-state haemodynamic response function estimation to autonomic nervous system fluctuations.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2016Article
- Brain-heart interactions: challenges and opportunities with functional magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-high field.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2016Review
- Enhanced phase regression with Savitzky-Golay filtering for high-resolution BOLD fMRI.Human brain mapping · 2014Article
- Pupil diameter covaries with BOLD activity in human locus coeruleus.Human brain mapping · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in the midbrain at 7 Tesla suffers from unexpectedly low temporal signal to noise ratio (TSNR) compared to other brain regions. Various methodologies were used in this study to quantitatively identify causes of the noise and signal differences in midbrain fMRI data. The influence of physiological noise sources was examined using RETROICOR, phase regression analysis, and power spectral analyses of contributions in the respiratory and cardiac frequency ranges. The impact of between-shot phase shifts in 3-D multi-shot sequences was tested using a one-dimensional (1-D) phase navigator approach. Additionally, the effects of shared noise influences between regions that were temporally, but not functionally, correlated with the midbrain (adjacent white matter and anterior cerebellum) were investigated via analyses with regressors of 'no interest'. These attempts to reduce noise did not improve the overall TSNR in the midbrain. In addition, the steady state signal and noise were measured in the midbrain and the visual cortex for resting state data. We observed comparable steady state signals from both the midbrain and the cortex. However, the noise was 2-3 times higher in the midbrain relative to the cortex, confirming that the low TSNR in the midbrain was not due to low signal but rather a result of large signal variance. These temporal variations did not behave as known physiological or other noise sources, and were not mitigated by conventional strategies. Upon further investigation, resting state functional connectivity analysis in the midbrain showed strong intrinsic fluctuations between homologous midbrain regions. These data suggest that the low TSNR in the midbrain may originate from larger signal fluctuations arising from functional connectivity compared to cortex, rather than simply reflecting physiological noise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.