SynthesisDepression and anxiety2013
Cognitive behavioral therapy age effects in child and adolescent anxiety: an individual patient data metaanalysis.
Synthesis in Depression and anxiety, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effectiveness of Psychological Therapies for Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Psychological therapies for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with long-term physical conditions.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- E-Health interventions for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with long-term physical conditions.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Psychological treatments for depression in pre-adolescent children (12 years and younger): systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in the Treatment of Child and Young Person Anxiety Disorders.Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy · 2015Pooled it
- Changes in irrational beliefs are responsible for the efficacy of the REThink therapeutic game in preventing emotional disorders in children and adolescents: mechanisms of change analysis of a randomized clinical trial.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Trial
- The role of day-to-day emotions, sleep, and social interactions in pediatric anxiety treatment.Behaviour research and therapy · 2017Trial
- Effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Indicated Prevention Program for Children with Elevated Anxiety Levels: a Randomized Controlled Trial.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2017Trial
- Clinical Predictors of Response to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: The Genes for Treatment (GxT) Study.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Evaluating the efficacy of psychological therapies for generalised anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Predictors of treatment outcomes in group cognitive behavioural therapy for orphaned adolescents in sheltered homes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Who Benefits Most? Predictors of Treatment Response in Group Interventions for Children's Emotional Disorders.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Practice-based research examining effectiveness of exposure-based CBT for youth in a community mental health setting.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Cool Kids: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Spanish Sample of Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Boundaries on Parent Involvement in Their Child's Anxiety Cognitive-Behavioral-Treatment Outcome: Parent Reinforcement and Relationship Behaviors Moderate Outcome.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Article
- The Role of Maternal Anxiety in Treatment Response for Youth with ASD and Co-occurring Anxiety.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Article
- Increasing the Efficacy of Treatment for Socially Anxious Youth Through Theoretically Derived Improvements: A Pilot Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Article
- The effects of a Journey of the Brave Counseling Program on anxiety, well-being, and life adjustment in Taiwanese children.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Interventions for Young Children's Mental Health: A Review of Reviews.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInvestigations of age effects on youth anxiety outcomes in randomized trials (RCTs) of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) have failed to yield a clear result due to inadequate statistical power and methodologic weaknesses. We conducted an individual patient data metaanalysis to address this gap. QUESTION: Does age moderate CBT effect size, measured by a clinically and statistically significant interaction between age and CBT exposure?
methodsAll English language RCTs of CBT for anxiety in 6-19 year olds were identified using systematic review methods. Investigators of eligible trials were invited to submit their individual patient data. The anxiety disorder interview schedule (ADIS) primary diagnosis severity score was the primary outcome. Age effects were investigated using multilevel modeling to account for study level data clustering and random effects.
resultsData from 17 of 23 eligible trials were obtained (74%); 16 studies and 1,171 (78%) cases were available for the analysis. No interaction between age and CBT exposure was found in a model containing age, sex, ADIS baseline severity score, and comorbid depression diagnosis (power ≥ 80%). Sensitivity analyses, including modeling age as both a categorical and continuous variable, revealed this result was robust.
conclusionsAdolescents who receive CBT in efficacy research studies show benefits comparable to younger children. However, CBT protocol modifications routinely carried out by expert trial therapists may explain these findings. Adolescent CBT protocols are needed to facilitate the transportability of efficacy research effects to usual care settings where therapists may have less opportunity for CBT training and expertise development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.