ArticleGenome research2013
HIV infection reveals widespread expansion of novel centromeric human endogenous retroviruses.
Article in Genome research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retroviral Remnants in the Human Genome: Classification, Integration and Regulation.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment.Virulence · 2025Review
- Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of transposable elements and their roles in development and disease.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Compilation of all known HERV-K HML-2 proviral integrations.Mobile DNA · 2025Article
- Celine, a long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposon, colonizes in the centromeres of poplar chromosomes.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- Endogenous Retroviruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Inflammatory Signaling/Senescence-Related Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Determination of the Copy Number of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERV) in Auckland Island Pigs Repeatedly Used for Clinical Xenotransplantation and Elimination of PERV-C.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Beyond pathogens: the intriguing genetic legacy of endogenous retroviruses in host physiology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Human endogenous retroviruses and exogenous viral infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Diseases.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Centromere defects, chromosome instability, and cGAS-STING activation in systemic sclerosis.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Modulation of HERV Expression by Four Different Encephalitic Arboviruses during Infection of Human Primary Astrocytes.Viruses · 2022Article
- Characterizing mobile element insertions in 5675 genomes.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- HERV-K(HML7) Integrations in the Human Genome: Comprehensive Characterization and Comparative Analysis in Non-Human Primates.Biology · 2021Article
- Differences between human and chimpanzee genomes and their implications in gene expression, protein functions and biochemical properties of the two species.BMC genomics · 2020Review
- Review
- Genetic and epigenetic effects on centromere establishment.Chromosoma · 2020Review
- Is the HERV-K HML-2 Xq21.33, an endogenous retrovirus mutated by gene conversion of chromosome X in a subset of African populations, associated with human breast cancer?Infectious agents and cancer · 2020Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus Expression Is Upregulated in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment of HIV Infected Women: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) make up 8% of the human genome. The HERV-K (HML-2) family is the most recent group of these viruses to have inserted into the genome, and we have detected the activation of HERV-K (HML-2) proviruses in the blood of patients with HIV-1 infection. We report that HIV-1 infection activates expression of a novel HERV-K (HML-2) provirus, termed K111, present in multiple copies in the centromeres of chromosomes throughout the human genome yet not annotated in the most recent human genome assembly. Infection with HIV-1 or stimulation with the HIV-1 Tat protein leads to the activation of K111 proviruses. K111 is present as a single copy in the genome of the chimpanzee, yet K111 is not found in the genomes of other primates. Remarkably, K111 proviruses appear in the genomes of the extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan, while modern humans have at least 100 K111 proviruses spread across the centromeres of 15 chromosomes. Our studies suggest that the progenitor K111 integrated before the Homo-Pan divergence and expanded in copy number during the evolution of hominins, perhaps by recombination. The expansion of K111 provides sequence evidence suggesting that recombination between the centromeres of various chromosomes took place during the evolution of humans. K111 proviruses show significant sequence variations in each individual centromere, which may serve as markers in future efforts to annotate human centromere sequences. Further, this work is an example of the potential to discover previously unknown genomic sequences through the analysis of nucleic acids found in the blood of patients.
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