Trial reportCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2013
Activation, dysfunction and retention of T cells in vaccine sites after injection of incomplete Freund's adjuvant, with or without peptide.
Trial report in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and tolerability evaluation of the use of Montanide ISA™51 as vaccine adjuvant: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Pooled it
- Phase I/II clinical trial of a melanoma vaccine targeting shared non-mutated antigens and a shared mutated BRAF neoantigen with an agonistic CD40 antibody (CDX-1140) plus TLR3 agonist (poly-ICLC).Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- Characterization and comparison of innate and adaptive immune responses at vaccine sites in melanoma vaccine clinical trials.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Trial
- A multipeptide vaccine plus toll-like receptor agonists LPS or polyICLC in combination with incomplete Freund's adjuvant in melanoma patients.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Trial
- Intratumoral interferon-gamma increases chemokine production but fails to increase T cell infiltration of human melanoma metastases.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Trial
- A randomized pilot trial testing the safety and immunologic effects of a MAGE-A3 protein plus AS15 immunostimulant administered into muscle or into dermal/subcutaneous sites.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Trial
- Defining the effects of age and gender on immune response and outcomes to melanoma vaccination: a retrospective analysis of a single-institution clinical trials' experience.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2015Trial
- Peptide vaccination in Montanide adjuvant induces and GM-CSF increases CXCR3 and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen expression by tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells.Cancer immunology research · 2013Trial
- Clinical evaluation of HuDo-CSPG4 DNA electroporation as adjuvant treatment for canine oral malignant melanoma: comparison of two vaccination protocols.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Article
- Shaping Antitumor Immunity with Peptide Vaccines: Implications of Immune Modulation at the Vaccine Site.Vaccines · 2025Review
- L-Pampo™, a Novel TLR2/3 Agonist, Acts as a Potent Cancer Vaccine Adjuvant by Activating Draining Lymph Node Dendritic Cells.Cancers · 2023Article
- The vaccine-site microenvironment: impacts of antigen, adjuvant, and same-site vaccination on antigen presentation and immune signaling.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Prostaglandin ECancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2020Article
- Incomplete Freund's adjuvant reduces arginase and enhances Th1 dominance, TLR signaling and CD40 ligand expression in the vaccine site microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- A new synthetic toll-like receptor 1/2 ligand is an efficient adjuvant for peptide vaccination in a human volunteer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
- Personalized cancer vaccines: adjuvants are important, too.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2018Review
- Cancer vaccine formulation dictates synergy with CTLA-4 and PD-L1 checkpoint blockade therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Article
- Unique depot formed by an oil based vaccine facilitates active antigen uptake and provides effective tumour control.Journal of biomedical science · 2018Article
- Development of Peptide Vaccines in Dengue.Current pharmaceutical design · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We conducted a randomized clinical trial in 45 patients with resected AJCC stage IIB-IV melanoma to characterize cellular and molecular events at sites of immunization with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) alone, or a melanoma vaccine in IFA. At a primary vaccine site, all patients received a multi-peptide melanoma vaccine in IFA. At a replicate vaccine site, which was biopsied, group 1 received IFA only; group 2 received vaccine in IFA. Lymphocytes isolated from replicate vaccine site microenvironments (VSME) were compared to time-matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in ELISpot and flow cytometry assays. Compared to PBMC, the VSME had fewer naïve and greater proportions of effector memory CD8(+) T cells (TCD8). The vast majority of TCD8 within the VSME were activated (CD69(+)), with a concentration of antigen-specific (tetramer(pos)) cells in the VSME, particularly in vaccine sites with peptide (group 2). CXCR3(+) lymphocytes were concentrated in the VSME of all patients, suggesting IFA-induced chemokine recruitment. TCD8 expression of retention integrins αEβ7 and α1β1 was elevated in VSME, with the highest levels observed in antigen-specific cells in VSME containing peptide (group 2). TCD8 retained in the VSME of both groups were strikingly dysfunctional, with minimal IFN-γ production in response to peptide stimulation and few tetramer(pos) cells producing IFN-γ. These data suggest that vaccine-induced selective retention and dysfunction of antigen-specific TCD8 within VSME may represent a significant mechanism underlying transient immune responses and low clinical response rates to peptide vaccines administered in IFA.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.