ArticleAnatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)2013
Analysis of the effect of estrogen/androgen perturbation on penile development in transgenic and diethylstilbestrol-treated mice.
Article in Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of animal models for urethral stricture: a systematic review.BMC urology · 2026Pooled it
- Estrogenic endocrine disruptor exposure directly impacts erectile function.Communications biology · 2024Article
- One Tool for Many Jobs: Divergent and Conserved Actions of Androgen Signaling in Male Internal Reproductive Tract and External Genitalia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Developmental and sexual dimorphic atlas of the prenatal mouse external genitalia at the single-cell level.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Atrazine induces penis abnormalities including hypospadias in mice.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2020Article
- A critical role for estrogen signaling in penis development.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Comparative Morphology of the Penis and Clitoris in Four Species of Moles (Talpidae).Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2017Article
- Mouse hypospadias: A critical examination and definition.Differentiation; research in biological diversity · 2016Article
- Anatomy of mole external genitalia: Setting the record straight.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2016Article
- Current understanding of hypospadias: relevance of animal models.Nature reviews. Urology · 2015Review
- A Comprehensive Atlas of the Adult Mouse Penis.Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation · 2015Article
- The power and perils of animal models with urogenital anomalies: handle with care.Journal of pediatric urology · 2014Review
- Development of the human penis and clitoris.Differentiation; research in biological diversityArticle
- Comparative effects of neonatal diethylstilbestrol on external genitalia development in adult males of two mouse strains with differential estrogen sensitivity.Differentiation; research in biological diversityArticle
- Prenatal diethylstilbestrol induces malformation of the external genitalia of male and female mice and persistent second-generation developmental abnormalities of the external genitalia in two mouse strains.Differentiation; research in biological diversityArticle
- Methods for studying human organogenesis.Differentiation; research in biological diversityReview
- Diethylstilbestrol-induced mouse hypospadias: "window of susceptibility".Differentiation; research in biological diversityReview
- Renal Subcapsular xenografing of human fetal external genital tissue - A new model for investigating urethral development.Differentiation; research in biological diversityArticle
- Development of the external genitalia: perspectives from the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta).Differentiation; research in biological diversityReview
- Reproductive tract biology: Of mice and men.Differentiation; research in biological diversityReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Because both androgens and estrogens have been implicated in penile morphogenesis, we evaluated penile morphology in transgenic mice with known imbalance of androgen and estrogen signaling using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, and immunohistochemistry of androgen and estrogen receptors α/β. Penises of adult wild-type, estrogen receptor-α knockout (αERKO), estrogen receptor-β knockout (βERKO), aromatase knockout (Arom-KO), and aromatase overexpression (Arom+) mice were evaluated, as well as adult mice treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) from birth to day 10. Adult penises were examined because the adult pattern is the endpoint of development. The urethral orifice is formed by fusion of the MUMP (male urogenital mating protuberance) with the MUMP ridge, which consists of several processes fused to each other and to the MUMP. Similarly, the internal prepuce is completed ventrally by fusion of a ventral cleft. In adult murine penises the stromal processes that form the MUMP ridge are separated from their neighbors by clefts. αERKO, βERKO, and Arom-KO mice have penises with a MUMP ridge clefting pattern similar to that of wild-type mice. In contrast, Arom+ mice and neonatally DES-treated mice exhibit profound malformations of the MUMP, MUMP ridge clefting pattern, and internal prepuce. Abnormalities observed in Arom+ and neonatally DES-treated mice correlate with the expression of estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) in the affected structures. This study demonstrates that formation of the urethal orifice and internal prepuce is due to fusion of separate epithelial-surfaced mesenchymal elements, a process dependent upon both androgen and estrogen signaling, in which ERβ signaling is strongly implicated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.