ReviewJournal of clinical epidemiology2013
A framework for the analysis of heterogeneity of treatment effect in patient-centered outcomes research.
Review in Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04251208 (MOms in REcovery), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
MOms in REcovery (MORE): Defining Optimal Care for Pregnant Women and Infants
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Application of variance ratios to assess heterogeneity of spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low back pain: A meta-epidemiological study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating Surgical Approaches in Early NSCLC: A Meta-Analysis of Robot-Assisted and Video-Assisted Techniques.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of telemedicine-based psychosocial intervention for breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Multimorbidity in randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions: A systematic review.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2019Pooled it
- Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Based on Genetically-Informed Biomarkers: What is the Evidence?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of randomised controlled trials evaluating the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2019Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Clinical Prediction Models for Cardiovascular Disease: Tufts Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Prediction Model Database.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2015Pooled it
- Precision medicine evaluation of heterogeneity of treatment effect for a time-to-event outcome with application in a trial of Initial treatment for people living with HIV.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The Effect of an Obesity Prevention Intervention Among Specific Subpopulations: A Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect Analysis of the Greenlight Trial.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Trial
- For whom are treatments for criminal recidivism effective? Moderator effects from a randomized controlled trial of justice-involved veterans.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2024Trial
- Heterogeneous trajectories of suicidal ideation among homeless youth: predictors and suicide-related outcomes.Development and psychopathology · 2023Trial
- Practical guidance on modeling choices for the virtual twins method.Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics · 2023Trial
- Housing and supportive services for substance use and self-efficacy among young mothers experiencing homelessness: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2023Trial
- Weight loss at your fingertips: personalized nutrition with fasting glucose and insulin using a novel statistical approach.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- What matters most: protocol for a randomized controlled trial of breast cancer surgery encounter decision aids across socioeconomic strata.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Physical therapy vs. internet-based exercise training (PATH-IN) for patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2015Trial
- Balancing Long-Term Risks of Ischemic and Bleeding Complications After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents.The American journal of cardiology · 2015Trial
- Suction mini-PCNL versus standard PCNL for 2-4 cm renal stones: a prospective cohort analysis of average effects, heterogeneity, and policy value.Urolithiasis · 2026Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Individuals vary in their response to a treatment. Understanding this heterogeneity of treatment effect is critical for evaluating how well a treatment can be expected to work for an individual or a subgroup of individuals. An overemphasis on hypothesis testing has resulted in a dichotomy of all heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses into confirmatory (hypothesis testing) and exploratory (hypothesis finding) analyses. This limited view of heterogeneity of treatment effect is inadequate for creating evidence that is useful for informing patient-centered decisions. An expanded framework for heterogeneity of treatment effect assessment is proposed. It recognizes four distinct goals of heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses: hypothesis testing, hypothesis finding, reporting subgroup effects for meta-analysis, and individual-level prediction. Accordingly, two new types of heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses are proposed: descriptive and predictive. Descriptive heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses report treatment effects for prespecified subgroups in accordance with prospectively specified analytic strategy. They need not be powered to detect heterogeneity of treatment effect. They emphasize estimation and reporting of subgroup effects rather than hypothesis testing. Sampling properties (e.g., standard error) of descriptive analysis can be characterized, thus facilitating meta-analysis of subgroup effects. Predictive heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses estimate probabilities of beneficial and adverse responses of individuals to treatments and facilitates optimal treatment decisions for different types of individuals. Procedures are also suggested to improve reliability of heterogeneity of treatment effect assessment from observational studies. Heterogeneity of treatment effect analysis should be identified as confirmatory, descriptive, exploratory, or predictive analysis. Evidence should be interpreted in a manner consistent with the analytic goal.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.