SynthesisEnvironmental health perspectives2013
Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in open and semi-open settings: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Environmental health perspectives, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of secondhand smoke on air quality in partially enclosed outdoor hospitality venues: a review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Smokefree legislation effects on respiratory and sensory disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure According to Location of Home Smoking in Israel: Findings from the Project Zero Exposure Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Water Pipe Smoking Reduction in the Male Adolescent Students: An Educational Intervention Using Multi-Theory Model.Journal of research in health sciences · 2019Trial
- Outdoor Secondhand Smoke Exposure Around a Public Smoking Area: Formative Field Study Using Passive Wi-Fi Packet Sensing.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Determinants of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in Chile: a national study using complex survey data and robust count models.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Perceptions, knowledge and beliefs of women regarding second-hand smoke exposure: a qualitative study to identify approaches for change.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Maternal smoking during infancy increases the risk of allergic diseases in children: a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Article
- Parental Smoking and Risk of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Chinese Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- Tobacco and vaping exposure among Spanish adolescents: An analysis of digital, social, school, and family environments.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Parental Report of Indoor Air Pollution Is Associated with Respiratory Morbidities in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure in public outdoor spaces in the Netherlands: The stronger the smell, the more exposure to nicotine.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Best practices for secondhand smoke and secondhand aerosol protection and evidence supporting the expansion of smoke- and aerosol-free environments: Recommendations from the 2nd Joint Action on Tobacco Control.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2024Article
- Support for regulating smoking in private and public places by adults who currently smoke and recently quit smoking in Spain.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Public support for smoke-free private indoor and public outdoor areas in the Netherlands: A trend analysis from 2018-2022.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990 to 2019.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring the Presence and Type of Premium Cigar Retailers With Neighborhood Sociodemographic Correlates in the United States, 2019-2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Tobacco smoke incursion into private residences in Israel: a cross-sectional study examining public perceptions of private rights and support for governmental policies.Israel journal of health policy research · 2023Article
- Association between Secondhand Smoke and Allergic Diseases in Korean Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2019 KYRBS.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSome countries have recently extended smoke-free policies to particular outdoor settings; however, there is controversy regarding whether this is scientifically and ethically justifiable.
objectivesThe objective of the present study was to review research on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in outdoor settings. DATA SOURCES: We conducted different searches in PubMed for the period prior to September 2012. We checked the references of the identified papers, and conducted a similar search in Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION: Our search terms included combinations of "secondhand smoke," "environmental tobacco smoke," "passive smoking" OR "tobacco smoke pollution" AND "outdoors" AND "PM" (particulate matter), "PM(2.5)" (PM with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm), "respirable suspended particles," "particulate matter," "nicotine," "CO" (carbon monoxide), "cotinine," "marker," "biomarker" OR "airborne marker." In total, 18 articles and reports met the inclusion criteria.
resultsAlmost all studies used PM(2.5) concentration as an SHS marker. Mean PM(2.5) concentrations reported for outdoor smoking areas when smokers were present ranged from 8.32 to 124 µg/m(3) at hospitality venues, and 4.60 to 17.80 µg/m(3) at other locations. Mean PM(2.5) concentrations in smoke-free indoor settings near outdoor smoking areas ranged from 4 to 120.51 µg/m(3). SHS levels increased when smokers were present, and outdoor and indoor SHS levels were related. Most studies reported a positive association between SHS measures and smoker density, enclosure of outdoor locations, wind conditions, and proximity to smokers.
conclusionsThe available evidence indicates high SHS levels at some outdoor smoking areas and at adjacent smoke-free indoor areas. Further research and standardization of methodology is needed to determine whether smoke-free legislation should be extended to outdoor settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.