ArticleBiochemistry2013
SV40 late protein VP4 forms toroidal pores to disrupt membranes for viral release.
Article in Biochemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances in discovery and functional analysis of the small proteins and microRNA expressed by polyomaviruses.Virology · 2025Review
- Nuclear envelope budding and its cellular functions.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2023Article
- Nuclear Egress.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
- Article
- Does the Evidence Support the Existence of the Simian Polyomavirus SV40 Vp4 Viroporin?mSphere · 2020Article
- Microtubules in Polyomavirus Infection.Viruses · 2020Review
- Expression of novel proteins by polyomaviruses and recent advances in the structural and functional features of agnoprotein of JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40.Journal of cellular physiology · 2019Review
- Human polyomaviruses and cancer: an overview.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2018Review
- The Presumed Polyomavirus Viroporin VP4 of Simian Virus 40 or Human BK Polyomavirus Is Not Required for Viral Progeny Release.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Nuclear Exodus: Herpesviruses Lead the Way.Annual review of virology · 2016Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: The Favorite Intracellular Niche for Viral Replication and Assembly.Viruses · 2016Review
- Review
- Scylla serrata reovirus p35 protein expressed in Escherichia coli cells alters membrane permeability.Virus genes · 2015Article
- Review
- Coat as a dagger: the use of capsid proteins to perforate membranes during non-enveloped DNA viruses trafficking.Viruses · 2014Review
- Viroporin activity of the JC polyomavirus is regulated by interactions with the adaptor protein complex 3.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Viroporins customize host cells for efficient viral propagation.DNA and cell biology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nonenveloped viruses are generally released from the cell by the timely lysis of host cell membranes. SV40 has been used as a model virus for the study of the lytic nonenveloped virus life cycle. The expression of SV40 VP4 at later times during infection is concomitant with cell lysis. To investigate the role of VP4 in viral release and its mechanism of action, VP4 was expressed and purified from bacteria as a fusion protein for use in membrane disruption assays. Purified VP4 perforated membranes as demonstrated by the release of fluorescent markers encapsulated within large unilamellar vesicles or liposomes. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that VP4 treatment did not cause membrane lysis or change the size of the liposomes. Liposomes encapsulated with 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-3-indacene-labeled streptavidin were used to show that VP4 formed stable pores in membranes. These VP4 pores had an inner diameter of 1-5 nm. Asymmetrical liposomes containing pyrene-labeled lipids in the outer monolayer were employed to monitor transbilayer lipid diffusion. Consistent with VP4 forming toroidal pore structures in membranes, VP4 induced transbilayer lipid diffusion or lipid flip-flop. Altogether, these studies support a central role for VP4 acting as a viroporin in the disruption of cellular membranes to trigger SV40 viral release by forming toroidal pores that unite the outer and inner leaflets of membrane bilayers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.