ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2013
Sleep duration, insomnia, and coronary heart disease among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02835261 (Impact of Sleep Restriction on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Pre vs Postmenopausal Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Sleep Restriction on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Pre vs Postmenopausal Women
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender correlation between sleep duration and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between insomnia and cardiovascular diseases: a meta-review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Insomnia nosology: a systematic review and critical appraisal of historical diagnostic categories and current phenotypes.Journal of sleep research · 2023Pooled it
- Sleep duration and risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease: A dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies comprising 3.8 million participants.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Quality and Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Pooled it
- Relationship of Sleep Duration With All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Pooled it
- Association of Vasomotor and Other Menopausal Symptoms with Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Remission of insomnia in older adults treated with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) reduces p16GeroScience · 2023Trial
- The severity of vasomotor symptoms and number of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women and select clinical health outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D randomized clinical trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Telephone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women With Vasomotor Symptoms: A MsFLASH Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2016Trial
- Longitudinal sleep duration trajectories and their association with cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity risk in postmenopausal women: evidence from the CHARLS study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sleep Duration and Mortality in Women: Effect of Aging and Menopause.Sleep medicine clinics · 2026Review
- Association of sleep disturbance during breast cancer treatment and left ventricular ejection fraction decline: a prospective cohort study.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Sleep Disorders and Stroke: Pathophysiological Links, Clinical Implications, and Management Strategies.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sleep quality and cognitive functioning among Chinese older adults living in the US: a mixed-effects model analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2025Observational
- Review
- Prevalence of poor sleep quality among physicians and nurses in a tertiary health care center.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Sleep quality and cognitive functioning among Chinese older adults living in the US: A mixed-effects model analysis.Research square · 2024Article
- Vasomotor symptoms and cardiovascular health: findings from the SWAN and the MsHeart/MsBrain studies.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLong and short sleep duration are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, evidence is inconsistent. We sought to identify whether self-reported sleep duration and insomnia, based on a validated questionnaire, are associated with increased incident CHD and CVD among postmenopausal women.
methodsWomen's Health Initiative Observational Study Participants (N=86,329; 50-79 years) who reported on sleep at baseline were followed for incident CVD events. Associations of sleep duration and insomnia with incident CHD and CVD were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models over 10.3 years.
resultsWomen with high insomnia scores had elevated risk of CHD (38%) and CVD (27%) after adjustment for age and race, and in fully adjusted models (hazard ratio [HR]=1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.30; 1.11 95% CI 1.03-2.00). Shorter (≤5 hours) and longer (≥10 hours) sleep duration demonstrated significantly higher incident CHD (25%) and CVD (19%) in age- and race-adjusted models, but this was not significant in fully adjusted models. Formal tests for interaction indicated significant interactions between sleep duration and insomnia for risk of CHD (p<0.01) and CVD (p=0.02). Women with high insomnia scores and long sleep demonstrated the greatest risk of incident CHD compared to midrange sleep duration (HR=1.93, 95% CI 1.06-3.51) in fully adjusted models.
conclusionsSleep duration and insomnia are associated with CHD and CVD risk, and may interact to cause almost double the risk of CHD and CVD. Additional research is needed to understand how sleep quality modifies the association between prolonged sleep and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.