ArticleNano letters2013
Nanofountain probe electroporation (NFP-E) of single cells.
Article in Nano letters, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomimetic Membrane Interface Technologies for Detection and Isolation of CTCs and EVs: Advances and Opportunities in Liquid Biopsy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Microfluidic Electroporation: Recent Advances and Applications.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Delivery of Biomolecules into Individual Cells and Subcellular Compartments by Localized Electroporation via Nanopipette.ACS nanoscience Au · 2025Article
- Wearable Bioelectronics for Home-Based Monitoring and Treatment of Muscle Atrophy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- From Biophysics to Biomedical Physics.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2025Review
- Well Plate-Based Localized Electroporation Workflow for Rapid Optimization of Intracellular Delivery.Bio-protocol · 2024Article
- Single molecule delivery into living cells.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A paintbrush for delivery of nanoparticles and molecules to live cells with precise spatiotemporal control.Nature methods · 2024Article
- Fire Burn and Cauldron Bubble: What Is in Your Genome Editing Brew?Biochemistry · 2023Review
- Single cell transcriptomics reveals reduced stress response in stem cells manipulated using localized electric fields.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Study of the Effect of Cell Prestress on the Cell Membrane Penetration Behavior by Atomic Force Microscopy.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Advances of Electroporation-Related Therapies and the Synergy with Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Multiplexed high-throughput localized electroporation workflow with deep learning-based analysis for cell engineering.Science advances · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in Microscale Electroporation.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Semi-Implantable Bioelectronics.Nano-micro letters · 2022Review
- Deep Learning-Assisted Automated Single Cell Electroporation Platform for Effective Genetic Manipulation of Hard-to-Transfect Cells.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2022Article
- In Situ Electroporation on PERFECT Filter for High-Efficiency and High-Viability Tumor Cell Labeling.Micromachines · 2022Article
- An equivalent circuit model for localized electroporation on porous substrates.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- High-Throughput and Dosage-Controlled Intracellular Delivery of Large Cargos by an Acoustic-Electric Micro-Vortices Platform.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to precisely deliver molecules into single cells is of great interest to biotechnology researchers for advancing applications in therapeutics, diagnostics, and drug delivery toward the promise of personalized medicine. The use of bulk electroporation techniques for cell transfection has increased significantly in the past decade, but the technique is nonspecific and requires high voltage, resulting in variable efficiency and low cell viability. We have developed a new tool for electroporation using nanofountain probe (NFP) technology, which can deliver molecules into cells in a manner that is highly efficient and gentler to cells than bulk electroporation or microinjection. Here we demonstrate NFP electroporation (NFP-E) of single HeLa cells within a population by transfecting them with fluorescently labeled dextran and imaging the cells to evaluate the transfection efficiency and cell viability. Our theoretical analysis of the mechanism of NFP-E reveals that application of the voltage creates a localized electric field between the NFP cantilever tip and the region of the cell membrane in contact with the tip. Therefore, NFP-E can deliver molecules to a target cell with minimal effect of the electric potential on the cell. Our experiments on HeLa cells confirm that NFP-E offers single cell selectivity, high transfection efficiency (>95%), qualitative dosage control, and very high viability (92%) of transfected cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.