ReviewPsychopharmacology2013
Pharmacological traits of delta opioid receptors: pitfalls or opportunities?
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indole Alkaloids as Biased Opioid Receptor Modulators.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Delta opioid receptors engage multiple signaling cascades to differentially modulate prefrontal GABA release with input and target specificity.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Delta opioid receptors engage multiple signaling cascades to differentially modulate prefrontal GABA release with input and target specificity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Identification of 1,3,8-Triazaspiro[4.5]Decane-2,4-Dione Derivatives as a NovelThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Identification of a Novel Delta Opioid Receptor Agonist Chemotype with Potential Negative Allosteric Modulator Capabilities.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Kratom Alkaloids as Probes for Opioid Receptor Function: Pharmacological Characterization of Minor Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids from Kratom.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2021Article
- Evaluation of Kratom Opioid Derivatives as Potential Treatment Option for Alcohol Use Disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- A non-convulsant delta-opioid receptor agonist, KNT-127, reduces cortical spreading depression and nitroglycerin-induced allodynia.Headache · 2021Article
- Role of the δ-Opioid Receptor in 2 Murine Models of Colitis.Comparative medicine · 2020Article
- Targeting opioid dysregulation in depression for the development of novel therapeutics.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2019Review
- Anti-stress neuropharmacological mechanisms and targets for addiction treatment: A translational framework.Neurobiology of stress · 2018Review
- Inflammation-associated changes in DOR expression and function in the mouse colon.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2018Article
- Delta Opioid Pharmacology in Relation to Alcohol Behaviors.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2018Review
- The Opioid System in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Functional Role and Therapeutic Potential.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2017Review
- The delta opioid receptor tool box.Neuroscience · 2016Review
- Involvement of delta opioid receptors in alcohol withdrawal-induced mechanical allodynia in male C57BL/6 mice.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Article
- Molecular Pharmacology of δ-Opioid Receptors.Pharmacological reviews · 2016Review
- Agonist-Specific Recruitment of Arrestin Isoforms Differentially Modify Delta Opioid Receptor Function.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2016Article
- β-Arrestin 2 dependence of δ opioid receptor agonists is correlated with alcohol intake.British journal of pharmacology · 2016Article
- The role of δ-opioid receptors in learning and memory underlying the development of addiction.British journal of pharmacology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleDelta opioid receptors (DORs) have been considered as a potential target to relieve pain as well as treat depression and anxiety disorders and are known to modulate other physiological responses, including ethanol and food consumption. A small number of DOR-selective drugs are in clinical trials, but no DOR-selective drugs have been approved by the Federal Drug Administration and some candidates have failed in phase II clinical trials, highlighting current difficulties producing effective delta opioid-based therapies. Recent studies have provided new insights into the pharmacology of the DOR, which is often complex and at times paradoxical.
objectiveThis review will discuss the existing literature focusing on four aspects: (1) Two DOR subtypes have been postulated based on differences in pharmacological effects of existing DOR-selective ligands. (2) DORs are expressed ubiquitously throughout the body and central nervous system and are, thus, positioned to play a role in a multitude of diseases. (3) DOR expression is often dynamic, with many reports of increased expression during exposure to chronic stimuli, such as stress, inflammation, neuropathy, morphine, or changes in endogenous opioid tone. (4) A large structural variety in DOR ligands implies potential different mechanisms of activating the receptor.
conclusionThe reviewed features of DOR pharmacology illustrate the potential benefit of designing tailored or biased DOR ligands.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.