ArticlePreventive medicine2013
Smoking trajectories from midlife to old age and the development of non-life-threatening health problems: a 34-year prospective cohort study.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Quit journey lessons: qualitative insights from men in Qatar who formerly vaped.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Identifying and Understanding Use Trajectories of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Men's Smoking Trajectories and Health-Related Quality of Life in the Whole Family: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Smoking and Physical Inactivity as Predictors of Mobility Impairment During Late Life: Exploring Differential Vulnerability Across Education Level in Sweden.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2018Article
- Article
- Trajectories of Unhealthy Behaviors in Midlife and Risk of Disability at Older Ages in the Whitehall II Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2016Article
- Associations between cigarette smoking and pain among veterans.Epidemiologic reviews · 2015Review
- Social and economic conditions in childhood and the progression of functional health problems from midlife into old age.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2014Article
- A multifactoral analysis of 1452 patients for smoking sensation. An outpatient lab experience.Journal of Cancer · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine how trajectories of smoking observed over a 34-year period, were associated with the progression of mobility impairment, musculoskeletal pain, and symptoms of psychological distress from midlife to old age.
methodThe Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and the Swedish Panel Study of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) were merged to create a nationally representative longitudinal sample of Swedish adults (aged 30-50 at baseline; n=1060), with four observation periods, from 1968 through 2002. Five discrete smoking trajectory groups were treated as predictors of variation in health trajectories using multilevel regression.
resultsAt baseline, there were no differences in mobility impairment between smoking trajectory groups. Over time all smokers, particularly persistent and former heavy smokers, exhibited faster increases in mobility problems compared with persistent non-smokers. Additionally, all smoking groups reported more pain symptoms than the non-smokers, at baseline and over time, but most of these differences did not reach statistical significance. Persistent heavy smokers reported elevated levels of psychological distress at baseline and over time.
conclusionSmokers, and even some former smokers, who survive into old age appear to be at increased risk for non-life-threatening conditions that can diminish quality of life and increase demands for services.
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Registered trials
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