ArticleOral oncology2013
Atorvastatin inhibits RhoC function and limits head and neck cancer metastasis.
Article in Oral oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro Anti-Tumor Effects of Statins on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
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- Biomimetic Atorvastatin Self-Assembled Nanomedicine Inhibits the Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E2 Pathway Enhanced Photothermal and Antitumor Immunity.Biomaterials research · 2025Article
- Statins as anti-tumor agents: A paradigm for repurposed drugs.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Lipid-lowering drugs and cancer: an updated perspective.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Repositioning of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors as Adjuvants in the Modulation of Efflux Pump-Mediated Bacterial and Tumor Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Statins in Cancer Prevention and Therapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioning Medium (hWJ-MSCs-CM) or Scorpion Venom Breast Cancer Cell Line In Vitro.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2022Article
- The multifaceted role of STAT3 pathway and its implication as a potential therapeutic target in oral cancer.Archives of pharmacal research · 2022Review
- YY1 regulated transcription-based stratification of gastric tumors and identification of potential therapeutic candidates.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2021Article
- STAT3 and p53: Dual Target for Cancer Therapy.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Activation of STAT transcription factors by the Rho-family GTPases.Biochemical Society transactions · 2020Review
- The effects of statins on dental and oral health: a review of preclinical and clinical studies.Journal of translational medicine · 2020Review
- Statin use, HMGCR expression, and breast cancer survival - The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- CircRhoC promotes tumorigenicity and progression in ovarian cancer by functioning as a miR-302e sponge to positively regulate VEGFA.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- RhoC: a fascinating journey from a cytoskeletal organizer to a Cancer stem cell therapeutic target.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2019Review
- Scorpion Venom Causes Upregulation of p53 and Downregulation of Bcl-xIntegrative cancer therapies · 2018Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Drugs for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of oncology · 2018Review
- Combination statin and chemotherapy inhibits proliferation and cytotoxicity of an aggressive natural killer cell leukemia.Biomarker research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRhoC oncogene is a well characterized marker of metastasis in a majority of invasive cancers, including HNSCC. Elevated RhoC expression has been found to be associated with distant metastasis. Statins are a class of drugs that are used to reduce cholesterol levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity which in turns prevents mevalonate synthesis, which is a precursor for synthesis of cholesterol and prenylation. Interestingly, the proper function of Rho proteins depends on prenylation. Significantly, it has been reported that metastasis in human melanoma can be reduced by atorvastatin which inhibits RhoC activity by preventing its geranylgeranylation. Given that RhoC is a key oncogene involved in metastasis, we hypothesized Atorvastatin can reduce head and neck metastasis by inhibiting RhoC activity.
methodsIn vitro and in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the ability of Atorvastatin to inhibit RhoC function and HNSCC metastasis. Cell motility, proliferation, cell invasion, and colony formation assays were performed according to the standard protocols.
resultsAtorvastatin treatment significantly reduced the active form of RhoC in vitro and diminished cell motility, invasion, proliferation and colony formation. Importantly, we observed a significant decrease in p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 in Atorvastatin treated cell lines. In vivo experiments revealed inhibition of angiogenesis and lung metastases with Atorvastatin therapy.
conclusionsThis study is the first of its kind to establish a potential role of Atorvastatin in head and neck cancer therapy. These findings suggest that Atorvastatin can be a potential low risk adjuvant therapy to minimize metastases in aggressive forms of HNSCC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.