ArticlePsychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors2014
Externalizing behavior problems among polydrug cocaine-exposed children: Indirect pathways via maternal harshness and self-regulation in early childhood.
Article in Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mothering from the Inside Out: Results of a community-based randomized efficacy trial testing a mentalization-based parenting intervention for mothers with addictions.Infant mental health journal · 2023Trial
- Heterogeneity in Callous-Unemotional Traits: Early Temperamental and Environmental Risk Factors in a High-Risk Sample.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Change in maternal harshness and home environment across early childhood as predictors of autonomic regulation in adolescence in the context of prenatal substance exposure.Child development · 2026Article
- From Distress To Disruption in Early Childhood: Time-Varying Associations Between Internalizing and Externalizing Problems, Child Sex and Prenatal Cocaine Exposure.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Caregiving Environmental Risk and Aggression From Infancy to Adolescence in a High-Risk Sample: An Examination of Between-Family and Within-Family Effects.Aggressive behavior · 2025Article
- Early emotional caregiving environment and associations with memory performance and hippocampal volume in adolescents with prenatal drug exposure.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- PROTOCOL: Psychosocial, pharmacological and legal interventions for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children with substance misusing parents.Campbell systematic reviews · 2020Article
- Developmental cascades to children's conduct problems: The role of prenatal substance use, socioeconomic adversity, maternal depression and sensitivity, and children's conscience.Development and psychopathology · 2020Article
- A Longitudinal Study of Gun Violence Attitudes: Role of Childhood Aggression and Exposure to Violence, and Early Adolescent Bullying Perpetration and Victimization.Journal of school violence · 2020Article
- Article
- The effect of prenatal substance use and maternal contingent responsiveness on infant affect.Early human development · 2017Article
- Assessment: The Newborn.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America · 2017Review
- Acceptability of aggression among children who reside with substance-abusing parents: The influence of behavioral dysregulation, exposure to neighborhood violence, and interparental violence.Journal of child custody · 2016Article
- Identifying early pathways of risk and resilience: The codevelopment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the role of harsh parenting.Development and psychopathology · 2015Article
- Translational analysis of effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on human infant cries and rat pup ultrasonic vocalizations.PloS one · 2014Article
- Developmental Pathways from Prenatal Substance Exposure to Reactive Aggression.Journal of applied developmental psychologyArticle
- Association of Food Insecurity with Mental Health Outcomes in Parents and Children.Academic pediatricsReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined direct and indirect associations between prenatal cocaine exposure (CE) and children's externalizing problems in kindergarten via higher maternal harshness and lower self-regulation in early childhood. Other environmental risk variables, such as child exposure to community violence and experience of hunger, were used as additional predictors. The sample consisted of 216 mother-infant dyads recruited at delivery from local area hospitals (116 cocaine-exposed, 100 nonexposed). Maternal harshness was coded from observations of mother-toddler interactions at 2 years of age, and children's self-regulation was measured at 3 years of age using several laboratory paradigms. Maternal reports of externalizing behavior problems were obtained at both time points and at kindergarten. Teacher reports were obtained and classroom observations of externalizing behaviors were conducted in the kindergarten classroom. Results indicated significant indirect associations between CE and maternal reports of externalizing problems via higher maternal harshness at 2 years and higher externalizing problems at 3 years of child age. A second indirect path from CE to externalizing problems in the school setting via higher maternal harshness at 2 years and lower self-regulation at 3 years was also significant. There were significant associations between community violence exposure and maternal reports of externalizing problems, and between hunger and externalizing problems in the school setting. Results highlight the role of parenting and self-regulation in early childhood as critical process variables in the indirect association between CE and externalizing behavior problems in kindergarten.
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Registered trials
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