ArticleBiomarker insights2013
Decreased Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Associated with HMGB1 and Increased Hyperactivity in Children with Autism.
Article in Biomarker insights, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biopsychological correlates of repetitive and restricted behaviors in autism spectrum disorders.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Peripheral Blood Levels of Cytokines With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Serum and cerebrospinal fluid immune mediators in children with autistic disorder: a longitudinal study.Molecular autism · 2017Trial
- Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor - What are the clinical potentials in psychiatry?Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Functional Mapping of Neurodevelopmental Disease Pathways to Key Neurodevelopmental Processes Represented in the Developmental Neurotoxicity In Vitro Testing Battery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Neuroinflammatory Mediated Mechanism of Pathogenesis?Inflammation · 2025Review
- The Ambiguous Role of Growth Factors in Autism: What Do We Really Know?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Comparison of HMGB1, RAGE, TLR4, and NF-κB levels in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with healthy controls.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Advanced Biomarkers of Hepatotoxicity in Psychiatry: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for New Psychoactive Substances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- HMGB1 in nervous system diseases: A common biomarker and potential therapeutic target.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Increased Serum Concentrations of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Protein in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The performance of the alarmin HMGB1 in pediatric diseases: From lab to clinic.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Review
- Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Do Alarmins Have a Potential Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders Pathogenesis and Progression?Biomolecules · 2018Review
- Elevated protein concentrations in newborn blood and the risks of autism spectrum disorder, and of social impairment, at age 10 years among infants born before the 28th week of gestation.Translational psychiatry · 2018Observational
- Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2017Review
- Alterations of Growth Factors in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Article
- Decreased Phosphorylated Protein Kinase B (Akt) in Individuals with Autism Associated with High Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Low Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA).Biomarker insights · 2015Article
- HMGB1 in health and disease.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2014Review
- Decreased Mitogen Inducible Gene 6 (MIG-6) Associated with Symptom Severity in Children with Autism.Biomarker insights · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs), characterized by impaired social interactions and deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, are thought to affect 1 in 88 children in the United States. There is much support for the role of growth factors in the etiology of autism. Recent research has shown that epithelial growth factor (EGF) is decreased in young autistic children (2-4 years of age). This study was designed to determine plasma levels of EGF in an older group of autistic children (mean age 10.6 years) and to correlate these EGF levels with putative biomarkers HGF, uPA, uPAR, GAD2, MPO GABA, and HMGB1, as well as symptom severity of 19 different symptoms. SUBJECTS AND
methodsPlasma from 38 autistic children, 11 children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD-NOS) and 40 neurotypical, age and gender similar controls was assessed for EGF concentration using ELISAs. Severity of 19 symptoms (awareness, expressive language, receptive language, (conversational) pragmatic language, focus/attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, perseveration, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, hypotonia (low muscle tone), tiptoeing, rocking/pacing, stimming, obsessions/fixations, eye contact, sound sensitivity, light sensitivity, and tactile sensitivity) was assessed and then compared to EGF concentrations.
resultsIn this study, we found EGF levels in autistic children and those with PDD-NOS to be significantly lower when compared with neurotypical controls. EGF levels correlated with HMGB1 levels but not the other tested putative biomarkers, and EGF correlated negatively with hyperactivity, gross motor skills, and tiptoeing but not other symptoms.
conclusionsThese results suggest an association between decreased plasma EGF levels and selected symptom severity. We also found a strong correlation between plasma EGF and HMGB1, suggesting inflammation is associated with decreased EGF.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.