ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2013
Evidence for a dysregulated immune system in the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Joint European policy on the COVID-19 risks for people with mental disorders: An umbrella review and evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for mental and public health.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Tryptophan Catabolite Alterations in Psychiatric Patients: Comparisons Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2018Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- C-reactive protein is increased in schizophrenia but is not altered by antipsychotics: meta-analysis and implications.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Profiles of Individuals With Long COVID Reporting Persistent Cognitive Complaints.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Trial
- Peripheral Inflammation In Adult ADHD: Sex Differences And Hematological Markers.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Assessing the psychological effects of eosinophilic esophagitis: a study on anxiety, self-concept, and depression in pediatric patients.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrative multi-omics reveals MHC class II-mediated neuroinflammation and systemic metabolic dysregulation as transdiagnostic drivers in major brain disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Linkage of kynurenine pathway metabolites to neuroinflammation in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional, case-control study.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Thyroid peroxidase antibodies in bipolar disorder: implications for clinical sub-phenotypes and lithium response.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Could high serum C-reactive protein levels serve as a biomarker for children and adolescents diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Cytokines as a Shared Pathophysiological Pathway in Depression and Chronic Insomnia: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Disodium Cromoglycate Attenuates the Depressive-Like Behaviors in Mice by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Could Low Serum TWEAK Levels Serve as a Biomarker for Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with ADHD, Specifically the Predominantly Inattentive Subtype?Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- CD4 + T lymphocyte and cytokine profiles in depressive disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Uncovering the genetic underpinnings for different psychiatric disorder combinations.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- The genetic overlap between major depressive disorder, white blood cell counts and interleukin 6.Journal of affective disorders reports · 2025Article
- Nano-chitosan hydrogel alleviates Candida albicans-induced health alterations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): antioxidant response, neuro-behaviors, hepato-renal functions, and histopathological investigation.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Deep immunophenotyping of circulating immune cells in major depressive disorder patients reveals immune correlates of clinical course and treatment response.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is extensive bi-directional communication between the brain and the immune system in both health and disease. In recent years, the role of an altered immune system in the etiology of major psychiatric disorders has become more apparent. Studies have demonstrated that some patients with major psychiatric disorders exhibit characteristic signs of immune dysregulation and that this may be a common pathophysiological mechanism that underlies the development and progression of these disorders. Furthermore, many psychiatric disorders are also often accompanied by chronic medical conditions related to immune dysfunction such as autoimmune diseases, diabetes and atherosclerosis. One of the major psychiatric disorders that has been associated with an altered immune system is schizophrenia, with approximately one third of patients with this disorder showing immunological abnormalities such as an altered cytokine profile in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. An altered cytokine profile is also found in a proportion of patients with major depressive disorder and is thought to be potentially related to the pathophysiology of this disorder. Emerging evidence suggests that altered immune parameters may also be implicated in the neurobiological etiology of autism spectrum disorders. Further support for a role of immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of these psychiatric disorders comes from studies showing the immunomodulating effects of antipsychotics and antidepressants, and the mood altering effects of anti-inflammatory therapies. This review will not attempt to discuss all of the psychiatric disorders that have been associated with an augmented immune system, but will instead focus on several key disorders where dysregulation of this system has been implicated in their pathophysiology including depression, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.